DebianDesktopHowTo

⚠️ This is a wiki migration test page

This page is here so we can keep a list of things one needs to do in order to install a basic debian-desktop. The goal is to shorten this list integrating things into debian. For more details see the subpages of ["DebianDesktop"].

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Boot from a Sarge install CD. Enter "linux26" at the bootprompt to get a 2.6 kernel and udev installed. Then install the base-system to your needs. When prompted by "tasksel" select the following task:

  * desktop-environment 

After base-config is done there are some things left to do:

Default group memberships

Add additional user accounts you may need (with "adduser <NAME>"). (adduser #240855) You can statically add the users into appropriate groups by iterating "adduser <NAME> <GROUP>". Yet, a more appropriate way to add many/all users by default is to use pam_group that dynamically adds users to groups during authentification (see below for instructions). You probably want some users to be members of some of the following groups: audio, plugdev, camera, video, floppy, cdrom, tape and maybe scanner, fax, dip (for "dial-ip", ppp connections to Internet with pon/poff as set up by pppconfig) or dialout (full serial ports/modem access). Beware, there are some groups you don't want to have your users to! (i.e. like games (for game apps to keep high-scores) or disk (raw disk access), see /usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups). Users that should be allowed to use (pmount'ed) usb sticks etc. need to be a member of the plugdev group. To enable pam_group you can add it to /etc/pam.d/common-auth like this echo "auth optional pam_group.so" >> /etc/pam.d/common-auth

then configure /etc/security/group.conf similar to this:

 login;*;*;Al0000-2400;users,cdrom,floppy,plugdev,audio,dip kdm;*;*;Al0000-2400;users,cdrom,floppy,plugdev,audio,dip,video gdm;*;*;Al0000-2400;users,cdrom,floppy,plugdev,audio,dip,video 

In GNOME, devices will pop up automatically for users in the plugdev group. KDE 3.3 shipped with Sarge unfortunately does not yet listen to hal-events or support pmount. The devices won't show up automatically. However plugdev users will be able to handle them manualy using pmount/pumount if installed. In order to make USB pens automaticly appear in KDE 3.3's devices tab (or on the desktop if configured so in Desktop Properties) you can install the updfstab or the hotplug-mount.pl (create an autofs map instead of modifying the fstab) script from [1] to handle the automatic mounting.

Shared Directories

This is handy to easily share files, pictures, shared documents, etc. on multi-user systems (family PCs etc.). Because Debian uses a user private group (UPG) scheme by default, the default permissions for new files (umask) can be set to allow write access to the group. To create groups use "addgroup <GROUPNAME>". For example on your home PC you could create a group "family" and add the appropriate users to it. Then make a family group directory: Do "mkdir /home/family" as root, give it to the group with "chown :family /home/family" and change its permissions for example with "chmod 2770 /home/family" to make it a privately shared set-group-id directory. Finally, change the default umask to 002 (unless libpam-umask is installed, this has to be set in /etc/profile and /etc/login.defs). This way group members can work with each other's files in the group directory without permission hassle. ---------------

Security Note: It is not always a good idea to change your umask.  This will set any new file created as group writable.  Depending on what part of the system you're in, this could be a bad thing.  UPG Schemes do take most of the worry away; just be cognizant of these facts when you create files in any 'special' directories. 

There is another (more complicated) way to do this as well, using Access Control Lists (ACLs). Check here and here for more information.

 In a nutshell:  apt-get install acl  sarge kernels: filesystems supported -> ext2,ext3,jfs,xfs  etch kernels support: ext2,ext3,reiserfs,jfs,xfs,nfs (with module nfs_acl)  change /etc/fstab options for drive you want to use acls on ie /dev/hda5       /pub       ext3    defaults,acl    0       0  cd /pub mkdir family  setfacl -m d:u::rwx,d:g:family:rw,d:m:rw,d:o:--- family 	this will set the umask of the family directory such that all files created will be -rw-rw----+ and all directories created will be drwxrwS---+. This might not be entirely correct. At the very least, NFS has to be configured for ACLs, or an NFS server on Sarge and NFS Client in Etch can't handle ACLs.  "getfacl family" will show you the permissions. 

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* James, does the additional (UPG) info help you? [yes it does]. You can adjust your text if you think it is still needed [I did... optionally feel free to delete what I've added if you think I'm off base].  Information about user private groups. A pretty good permissions primer can be found at: "http://linsec.ca/filesystems.php" 

CUPS Printing System

(default package selection) Install and configure the CUPS printing system packages as described on ["DebianCUPS"]. Start /usr/lib/openoffice/spadmin as root "add printer" and import your printers setup from /etc/foomatic/cups.

Default package selection

(synaptic only recommending)) "apt-get install libgnome2-perl" if you want the Gnome debconf frontend to actually work when you install packages. You may need to configure debconf to use "GNOME" frontend with "dpkg-reconfigure debconf" (Doesn't Synaptic let debconf start in appropriate mode within GNOME?). (default package selection) Start up Synaptic and find, select and install the following packages:

• anacron (desktops/laptops don't usually run all the time (at night, weekends, etc.) (alternatively fcron?) * If you need localized fonts: xfonts-base-transcoded and xfonts-*dpi-transcoded * zip and unzip * mc (midnight commander console filemanager) * ssh-askpass (lets ssh use a graphical password prompt window when run under X) Are the following actually needed? For what benefit? They are non-free anyway: * x-ttcidfont-conf (needed for the next) * msttcorefonts (to display some webpages and documents correctly) -----

Now some configuring:

To actually make use of the private user groups in debian you have to set the default to "umask 002" in /etc/login.defs, /etc/profile and other shell config files, or better: install libpam-umask and you can centrally set a real system wide default umask with a line like this in /etc/pam.d/common-session:

 session    optional     pam_umask.so umask=002 

(In this case don't forget to remove any umask lines from /etc/login.defs, /etc/profile etc.)

The central settings for KDE in /etc/kde3 could also need some tweaking:

• set CUPS as default printing system (Put the following into /etc/kde3/kdeprintrc)

   ["General"]   PrintSystem=cups 

• If you like, make $HOME to be your Desktop for consistency. (Put the following into /etc/kde3/kdeglobals)

    ["Paths"]    Desktop=$HOME    Trash=$HOME/Trash/ 

• If you need particular KDE system defaults like proxy, javascript and cookie policy etc., set them in the same way, too. [2] has more info about the configuration files, including making settings immutable to users. ...have fun! And if you encounter bugs search the net, if the bug is not already filed, find the appropriate package and the file a bug against it, if it concerns Debian simply use the "reportbug" utility for that.

Troubleshooting

For manual setup of the graphic you can use dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xfree86. An alternative automatic configuration of the x-server is to install xdebconfigurator, run it, and then dexconf to generate a valid ["XF86config"].

Things that have already been integrated

• autoconfiguration of the xserver