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	<updated>2026-11-03T22:08:14Z</updated>
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		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=DebianDesktopHowTo/it&amp;diff=1867</id>
		<title>DebianDesktopHowTo/it</title>
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		<updated>2026-10-26T22:18:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 14 revisions imported&lt;/p&gt;
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Questo è un elenco scritto dalla comunità di utenti di cose da fare per ottenere un&#039;installazione attraente di un [[it/DebianDesktop|Desktop Debian]]. Se avete informazioni in più, siete invitati ad aggiornare questa pagine. Se siete in grado di integrare cose in Debian, potreste aiutare ad accorciare questo elenco.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
__TOC__&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Selezionare il rilascio di Debian appropriato =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fare riferimento a [[it/DebianReleases|Rilasci Debian]] per maggiori informazioni sulle versioni di Debian, ma le informazioni qui di seguito potrebbero aiutarvi a prendere una decisione.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Usare versioni stabili (rilasciate) + aggiornamenti di sicurezza e specifici pacchetti backport più recenti (un completo aggiornamento della distribuzione è disponibile ogni due anni) ==&lt;br /&gt;
Scegliere [[it/DebianStable|Debian Stable]] se si desidera semplicemente che il computer funzioni per un lungo periodo di tempo, senza il rischio che nuovi pacchetti interferiscano con le proprie abitudini o con il proprio flusso di lavoro. Si possono sempre installare versioni più recenti di specifici pacchetti dal repository [http://backports.debian.org Debian Backports].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Usare versioni di test dei pacchetti in continuo cambiamento (recenti), distribuite per essere testate dal pubblico ==&lt;br /&gt;
Se ciò che è importante è far sì che le versioni recenti di &#039;&#039;tutto&#039;&#039; il software installato arrivino continuamente sul proprio desktop o portatile, e non si hanno problemi con il fatto di dover costantemente scaricare e installare gli aggiornamenti che potrebbero, una volta ogni tanto, causare un bug, si può scegliere [[it/DebianTesting|Debian Testing]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Usare versioni non stabili dei pacchetti in continuo cambiamento (le più nuove), appena uscite dai &amp;quot;laboratori&amp;quot; degli sviluppatori Debian) ==&lt;br /&gt;
Se si è sicuri di averne bisogno per &#039;&#039;tutti&#039;&#039; i pacchetti installati, si dovrebbe leggere di più riguardo a [[it/DebianUnstable|Debian &amp;quot;Sid&amp;quot;]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Scaricamento =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le immagini ufficiali per l&#039;installazione sono disponibili nella [http://www.debian.org/distrib/ pagina per lo scaricamento] di Debian.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Per Debian 12 e successive, l&#039;installatore Debian rileva e installa automaticamente il firmare non libero necessario. Per Debian 11 e precedenti, fare riferimento alla pagina sul [[it/Firmware|firmware]] per determinare se è necessario scaricare firmware e come farlo, per fare un&#039;installazione con successo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Selezionare un ambiente desktop =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Durante l&#039;installazione si può selezionare il proprio ambiente desktop preferito duranto il passo di installazione [https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/i386/ch06s03#pkgsel Selezione e installazione di software].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L&#039;installatore Debian sceglie in modo predefinito [[it/Gnome|GNOME]], tuttavia si può anche selezionare [[it/Xfce|Xfce]], [[it/KDE|KDE Plasma]], Cinnamon, [[it/MATE|MATE]], [[it/LXDE|LXDE]] o [[LXQt]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
GNOME e KDE vantano entrambi un&#039;esperienza desktop completa, un vasto ecosistema di applicazioni e il supporto per [[Wayland|Wayland]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Per computer più vecchi, considerare l&#039;uso di Xfce, LXQt o LXDE, dato che consumano meno risorse di sistema.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gli utenti abituati a GNOME 2 potrebbero preferire MATE, che è la continuazione di tale progetto.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gli utenti che stanno facendo la transizione da Windows potrebbero preferire Cinnamon, che fornisce un&#039;esperienza in stile Windows 7.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Oppure si può scegliere e17 (Enlightenment), un nuovo candidato che fornisce anche una modalità per touchscreen.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Installazione =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sistema ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Per usare sudo e la password regolare per l&#039;amministrazine di sistema, lasciare vuota la password di root durante l&#039;installazione.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
C&#039;è un bello schema di partizionamento universale che si può impostare, specialmente se si ha un SSD, se si desiderano unità ridondanti o se si desidera che le unità dei portatili possano fermarsi per ridurre il rumore e il consumo energetico. Lo si può trovare insieme alle istruzioni su come minimizzare le scritture su disco in [[SSDoptimization|Ottimizzazioni per SSD]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bug DebianBug:653760 - Il gruppo «audio» non deve aver alcun membro, altrimenti consolekit non modifichere i permessi per l&#039;audio (ACL) quando si passa da un utente ad un altro. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Se sono usate directory condivise (vederee [[it/UserPrivateGroups|User Private Groups]] o se è necessario un valore di umask restrittivo (per esempio 0077), allora in Debian 12 bookworm e rilasci precedenti si deve abilitare il modulo &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;pam_umask.so&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; nella configurazione di PAM, vedere [[it/Permissions#Configurazione_di_umask_a_livello_di_sistema|Configurazione di umask a livello di sistema]] in Permessi.&lt;br /&gt;
A partire da Trixie non dovrebbe essere necessaria alcuna azione.&lt;br /&gt;
Con i rilasci più vecchi di Bookworm c&#039;erano problemi con la sessione utente di systemd oppure il display manager di GNOME (gdm) scavalcava l&#039;umask predefinita di sistema. Perciò se si usa gdm si può cercare di risolvere il problema oppure installare semplicemente un altro display manager come kdm, slim o [[it/LightDM|LightDM]], ma considerare prima la soluzione con [[it/Permissions#Impostazione_di_umask_per_singoli_utenti|Impostazione di umask per singoli utenti]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I modelli di hard disk &amp;quot;verdi&amp;quot; o dei portatili spesso hanno il problema di parcheggiare/muovere le loro testine ogni circa 10 secondi, causando un&#039;usura eccessiva. Controllare &amp;quot;smartctl -a /dev/sdX&amp;quot; per vedere il valore attuale di Load_Cycle_Count. Come contromisura, installare laptop-mode-tools e impostare CONTROL_HD_POWERMGMT=1 in /etc/laptop-mode.conf (impostare &amp;quot;hdparm -B 254&amp;quot; in caso di alimentazione da rete per fermare i clic). In alternativa, può essere possibile impostare il tempo di inattività che fa scattare il parcheggio delle testine ad un valore di 1-3 minuti, oppure disabilitare completamente il tempo massimo per i dispositivi NON mobili (idle3-tools), far sì che un processo generi un&#039;attività del disco più frequente fintanto che osserva altra attività (https://code.google.com/p/wdsaver) oppure scovare ed eliminare la fonte di accessi periodici al disco (probabilmente messaggi di log).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Controllare che /etc/aliases contenga una riga &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;root: &amp;lt;mail-user&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; che inoltra la posta destinata all&#039;utente root al proprio account utente,&lt;br /&gt;
* root: &amp;lt;mail-user&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ed eseguire &amp;quot;sudo newaliases&amp;quot; se sono state necessarie modifiche. (E impostare il proprio programma di posta per controllare la propria casella di posta locale in /var/mail/.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Per monitorare lo stato di salute dei dischi, installare smartmontools e smart-notifier, poi impostare &amp;quot;start smartd = yes&amp;quot; in /etc/default/smartmontools.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Considerare eventualmente l&#039;uso di [[AppArmor]] / [[Tomoyo]] e di sotto-utenti distinti per confinare browser, programmi di posta elettronica, ecc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Abilitare la creazione di condivisioni di rete (windows/cifs) da parte degli utenti ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Installare samba (se non è già presente), poi eseguire &amp;quot;sudo adduser &amp;lt;nome-utente&amp;gt; sambashare&amp;quot; per permettere a &amp;lt;nome-utente&amp;gt; di creare condivisioni di file.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Per evitare che samba crei file come l&#039;utente riservato &amp;quot;nobody&amp;quot; (che non dovrebbe mai possedere alcun file nel sistema), creare un utente &amp;quot;sambaguest&amp;quot; e aggiungere quanto segue alla sezione &amp;quot;global&amp;quot; di /etc/samba/smb.conf:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
guest account = sambaguest&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Per garantire che i file creati da ospiti (guest) samba siano accessibili in locale, aggiungere quanto segue alla sezione &amp;quot;global&amp;quot; di /etc/samba/smb.conf:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
inherit permissions = yes&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ricordare anche di usare &amp;quot;chmod g+s&amp;quot; per far sì che le directory delle condivisioni scrivibili siano directory setguid e per impostare i loro permessi in lettura/scrittura in modo appropriato agli utenti samba permessi (cioè per abilitare l&#039;accesso guest pubblicamente). (Bug DebianBug:678834)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L&#039;opzione &amp;quot;inherit permissions = yes&amp;quot; permette a samba di creare file con i permessi della directory in cui sono contenuti (ma i bit x vengono comunque mappati in base agli attributi archive, hidden del sistema Windows.).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Se il proprio router non risolve in modo corretto i nomi host locali, e i server DNS del proprio provider Internet rispondono con IP falsi invece di restituire il valore &amp;quot;unknown&amp;quot;, abilitare anche la riga &amp;quot;name resolve order&amp;quot; (rimuovendo il carattere &amp;quot;;&amp;quot;) e spostare  &amp;quot;host&amp;quot; alla fine dell&#039;elenco.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Directory di gruppo (condivise localmente) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Con la correzione all&#039;umask descritta in precedenza, più alcune directory scheletro predefinite, Debian può facilmente formire un&#039;esperienza di collaborazione tra gli utenti pronta all&#039;uso: gli utenti possono semplicemente collaborare su file, immagini, documenti, ecc. in sistemi multi-utente (ad esempio PC di famiglia, server, ecc.) nelle loro directory di gruppo. Già pronto all&#039;uso, il gruppo predefinito &amp;quot;users&amp;quot; permette a tutti gli utenti di usare in modo collaborativo i file in /home/users; per regolare in modo più dettagliato le collaborazioni si possono impostare gruppi di utenti addizionali.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Per i dettagli vedere la pagina del wiki sui [[it/UserPrivateGroups|Gruppi privati degli utenti (UPG)]] e UbuntuWiki:MultiUserManagement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Browser web ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Per una versione recente e tutt&#039;ora mantenuta del browser mozilla, è necessario abilitare la fonte &amp;quot;release&amp;quot; da [http://mozilla.debian.net mozilla.debian.net].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Per una navigazione sicura e ragionevole, installare le seguenti estensioni con il gestore di pacchetti di Debian: DebianPkg:xul-ext-noscript (pulire le aziende dalle whitelist predefinite), DebianPkg:xul-ext-adblock-plus (disabilitare le sue whitelist predefinite), DebianPkg:xul-ext-cookie-monster, DebianPkg:xul-ext-useragentswitcher (impostato genericamente) e DebianPkg:xul-ext-refcontrol (impostato per bloccare).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I moduli aggiuntivi HTTPS-Everywhere, &amp;quot;Ref Control&amp;quot; e &amp;quot;Request Policy&amp;quot; (rimuovere eventualmente le aziende che vengono inserite nella whitelist) possono essere disponibili solo attraverso il menu/la pagina del browser per scaricare gli Addon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Considerare anche gli addon &amp;quot;ghostery&amp;quot; e &amp;quot;self-destructing cookies&amp;quot; per bloccare cookie non desiderati e abilitare l&#039;eliminazione dei cookie necessari una volta chiusa la loro scheda (se abilitati e non inseriti in una whitelist) ed eliminare tutti i cookie che già ci sono stati propinati contro la propria volontà.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Se è necessario usare DebianPkg:flashplugin-nonfree, esso si trova nel repository contrib e considerare l&#039;installazione dell&#039;estensione betterprivacy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Impedire che il browser invii un hash per ogni sito che si visita a Google (pronto per essere aggiunto al proprio hash della traccia di navigazione), disabilitando le opzioni contrassegnate come &amp;quot;block reported forgery and attack sites&amp;quot; nelle proprietà di sicurezza.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Disabilitare il &amp;quot;supporto&amp;quot; per il motore di richerca e naturalmente la pagina di inizio Google personalizzata, per evitare che il browser vi si connetta ogni volta che viene avviato o che si cerca qualcosa, identificando così nel frattempo l&#039;utente.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vedere [https://panopticlick.eff.org] per scoprire quanto generica le proprie impronte digitali nel web siano realmente e monitorare i log del proprio firewall per scoprire gli strani posti a cui si connette il proprio computer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Considerare BFilter. [http://bfilter.sourceforge.net] (Pacchetti più recenti: http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/bfilter)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pacchetti aggiuntivi che si potrebbero voler installare ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Usare &#039;&#039;&#039;apt-get install &amp;lt;nome-pacchetto&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;, o il gestore di pacchetti synaptic per trovare, selezionare e installare i seguenti pacchetti:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* firmware-linux* (dal repository non-free; la sua installazione può essere necessaria per certi hardware)&lt;br /&gt;
* synaptic (not incluso nel desktop di Xfce)&lt;br /&gt;
* preload (precaricherà i programmi usati spesso nella RAM)&lt;br /&gt;
* mc (Midnight Commander, un gestore di file per la console)&lt;br /&gt;
* un pacchetto ssh-askpass (permette a ssh di usare un riquadro di richiesta di password grafico quando in esecuzione sotto X)&lt;br /&gt;
* geeqie (veloce visualizzatore di immagini)&lt;br /&gt;
* vlc, browser-plugin-vlc, freetuxtv (riproduttori video)&lt;br /&gt;
* parcellite o clipit (gestore degli appunti leggero)&lt;br /&gt;
* autokey (scorciatoie da tastiera)&lt;br /&gt;
* zim (gestione di annotazioni) + scrot (plugin per istantanee dello schermo). Mettere &amp;quot;zim --plugin trayicon&amp;quot; in autostart.&lt;br /&gt;
; (es. su SSD salvare automaticamente ogni 10 minuti, invece di 10 secondi:~/.config/zim/preferences.conf: autosave_timeout=600)&lt;br /&gt;
* goldendict-worldnet (dizionario inglese e traduzione inglese-tedesca per la selezione attuale tramite scorciatoie da tastiera)&lt;br /&gt;
* ding + trans-de-en + agrep (traduzioni)&lt;br /&gt;
* backintime (programma per backup)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Utente =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Impostazione del controllo della casella di posta locale /var/mail/&amp;lt;utente&amp;gt; (ad esempio aggiungendo un&#039;icona di notifica delle posta al pannello).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A seconda dell&#039;ambiente desktop scelto, delle proprie abitudini e dello stress delle proprie dita, si può abilitare o disabilitare l&#039;apertura dei file con un solo clic nelle preferenze del navigatore di file.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Se è necessario un programma specifico che non è nei repository, o si ha installata la versione stabile e si ha bisogno di una versione più recente di un programma, fare riferimento a [[it/DebianSoftware|Software Debian]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Se si vogliono modificare le impostazioni predefinite a livello di tutto il sistema per tutti gli utenti, fare riferimento a [[it/DesktopDefaultSettings|Impostazioni predefinite per il desktop]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Adattamenti specifici per ciascun desktop =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== GNOME ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Per creare condivisioni di rete con Nautilus, installare il pacchetto &amp;quot;nautilus-share&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Per abilitare per tutti gli utenti l&#039;opzione non attiva &amp;quot;Password: non richiesta al login&amp;quot; in Sistema &amp;gt; Amministrazione &amp;gt; Utenti e gruppi (Necessaria per cambiare account (guest) oltre che per il login automatico): creare il gruppo nopasswdlogin,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sudo addgroup --system nopasswdlogin&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
e aggiungere quanto segue alla configurazione PAM di gdm in /etc/pam.d/gdm:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
auth sufficient pam_succeed_if.so user ingroup nopasswdlogin&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Assicurarsi che la riga sia immediatamente prima della riga &amp;quot;@include common-auth&amp;quot; line. Si può usare &amp;quot;sudo adduser &amp;lt;utente&amp;gt; nopasswdlogin&amp;quot; per aggiungere un utente al gruppo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Xfce ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Per la navigazione della rete nel gestore di file thunar, installare gvfs-backends e gvfs-fuse e aggiungere il proprio utente al gruppo &amp;quot;fuse&amp;quot; (sudo adduser &amp;lt;utente&amp;gt; fuse).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thunar manca di un plugin per creare le condivisioni di rete (bug DebianBug:672539). Per aggirare il problema: [http://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?f=197&amp;amp;t=88255 definire azioni personalizzate] (aggiustare i permessi (setguid) in accordo alla sezione samba precedentemente descritta).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Installare Catfish per poter essere in grado di cercare file.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ci si può sbarazzare del &amp;quot;dock&amp;quot; che consuma molto spazio in fondo allo schermo aggiungendo i lanciatori voluti al Pannello 1 e rimuovendo il Pannello 2 nelle impostazioni per i pannelli. Per spostare un pannello in un&#039;altra posizione del desktop è necessario &amp;quot;sbloccarlo&amp;quot; nelle impostazioni del pannello.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Per il cambiamento di utente senza password, si può creare e abilitare un gruppo nopasswdlogin come descritto per GNOME, se si usa gdm (il predefinito).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La versione di Xfce in Wheezy non ha ancora un riquadro di dialogo per abilitare i clic con i tocchi nel touchpad; è necessario aggiungere una voce di esecuzione automatica (autostart) che esegua quanto segue:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
/usr/bin/synclient TapButton1=1 PalmDetect=1&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Se è necessario configurare (più) monitor e le loro impostazioni, installare &amp;quot;arandr&amp;quot;. Permette di salvare la disposizione dello schermo in un file .sh che può essere richiamato da una voce di avvio automatico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Se si desiderano strumenti di configurazione più grafici, si può installare l&#039;utilità gnome-disk-utility (palimpsest) e usare &amp;quot;apt-get --no-install-recommends install gnome-system-tools&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Come gestore di fotografie si può installare shotwell.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Da ultimo... =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
...divertitevi! E se vi imbattete in un bug cercate in Internet; se il bug non è stato ancora segnalato, trovare il pacchetto appropriato e segnalare un bug su di esso. Se è relativo a Debian, si può usare l&#039;utilità &amp;quot;reportbug&amp;quot; per farlo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Si può creare un backup del completo stato di installazione del proprio sistema con apt-clone.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Vedere anche =&lt;br /&gt;
* [[SetupGuides/SecurePersonalComputer|Guide di configurazione - Personal Computer Sicuro]], un&#039;altra guida simile&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=DebianDesktopHowTo/es&amp;diff=1852</id>
		<title>DebianDesktopHowTo/es</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=DebianDesktopHowTo/es&amp;diff=1852"/>
		<updated>2026-10-26T22:18:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
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Esta es una lista de cosas para hacer mantenida por la comunidad para obtener una instalación atractiva de [[DebianDesktop]]. Si usted tiene algún añadido, debería mantener esta página actualizada. Si es capaz de integrar cosas en Debian, por favor ayude a reducir la lista.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
__TOC__&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Seleccione la publicación debian apropiada =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Refiérase a [[es/DebianReleases|Publicaciones Debian]] par amás información sobre las versiones de Debian, pero las siguientes ideas pueden guiar su decisión.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== ¿Usar versiones estables (publicadas) + actualizaciones de seguridad y paquetes retroimportados más modernos seleccionados? (una mejora completa de distribución estará disponible casi cada dos años) ==&lt;br /&gt;
Escoja [[DebianEstable|Debian estable]] si quiere que su computadora funcione justo por una periodo prolongado de tiempo, sin el riesgo de nuevos paquetes estropeando sus hábitos o flujo de trabajo. Puede aún así todavía instalar versiones más recientes de los paquetes seleccionados, p.ej.: desde las [http://backports.debian.org Retroimportaciones de Debian] y repositorios [http://mozilla.debian.net del equipo Mozilla de Debian], para obtener versiones más nuevas de programas específicos y para usar siempre un navegador web actualizado.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== ¿Usar versiones (recientes) de paquetes de pruebas rolling? (distribuidos para pruebas publicas) ==&lt;br /&gt;
Si es importante para usted el tener versiones recientes de &#039;&#039;todo&#039;&#039; el software instalado continuamente rulando en su escritorio o en su portátil, y lleva bien la constante descarga e instalación de actualizaciones que pueden remover y sacar algún error de vez en cuando, puede escoger [[es/DebianTesting|Debian de pruebas]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== ¿Usar versiones de paquetes (actualmente nuevos) rulando inestables? (que justo acaban de salir de los &amp;quot;labs&amp;quot; de desarrolladores Debian) ==&lt;br /&gt;
Bien, si está seguro de que realmente necesita esto para &#039;&#039;todos&#039;&#039; los paquetes instalados, debería aprender acerca de [[es/DebianUnstable|Debian &amp;quot;Sid&amp;quot;]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Descargar =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Por favor refiérase a la página de [[es/Firmware]] para determinar si puede necesitar descargar firmware y cómo, para una instalación exitosa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Las imágenes oficiales de instalación están disponibles desde la [http://www.debian.org/distrib/ página de descarga] de Debian.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Seleccione un Entorno de Escritorio o Desktop Environment =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Para seleccionar el entorno de escritorio que instale el debian-installer, entre &amp;quot;Opciones avanzadas&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;Advanced options&amp;quot;) en la pantalla de arranque y desplacese hacia abajo hasta &amp;quot;Entornos de escritoiro alternativos&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;Alternative desktop environments&amp;quot;). De otro modo, el debian-installer escogerá GNOME.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
KDE es una pesada alternativa reconocida.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Xfce es una ligera y rápida alternativa, y especialmente apropiada si estaba usando GNOME 2 y encuentra GNOME 3 decepcionante.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Para llas computadoras antiguas, considere usar LXDE o Xfce, porque son menos comerecursos que GNOME o KDE.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
O, puede escoger e17 (Enlightenment), un nuevo candidato que también posee modo de pantalla táctil.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Instalar =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sistema ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Para usar sudo y su contraseña habitual para administración del sistema, deje la contraseña de root vacía durante la instalación.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hay un gran esquema de particionamiento universal que puede configurar, especialmente si tiene un SSD, puede querer discos duros redundantes, o querer mantener los discos duros de portátiles a bajas revoluciones para minimizar el ruido y el consumo eléctrico. Encuéntrelo junto con las instrucciones sobre cómo minimizar las escrituras al disco en [[SSDoptimization|Optimizaciones para SSD]](en inglés).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bug DebianBug:653760 - El grupo de audio no debe tener miembros, sino consolekit no ajustará los permisos de audio (ACLs) cuando cambie de usuario.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Para conseguir la umask correcta que nivele los grupos de usuarios privados (vea directivas de grupo abajo), necesitará configurar la adaptación de umask en /etc/pam.d/common-session manualmente hasta que el bug DebianBug:646692 sea arreglado:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
echo &amp;quot;session optional pam_umask.so usergroups&amp;quot; &amp;gt;&amp;gt; /etc/pam.d/common-session&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Note que el gestor de pantalla GNOME (gdm) anula la configuración umask por defecto del sistema. Por ello, si usa gdm puede intentar arreglarlo, o justo instalar otro dm como kdm, slim, o [[LightDM]] (en inglés).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Green&amp;quot; o modelos de discos duros de portátiles frecuentemente sufren de aparcamientos/desaparcamientos de sus cabezales cada 10 segundos o  así, causando un desgaste excesivo. Compruebe &#039;smartctl -a /dev/sdX&#039; para ver su  Load_Cycle_Count actual. Como contramedida, instale laptop-mode-tools y configure CONTROL_HD_POWERMGMT=1 en /etc/laptop-mode.conf (establece &amp;quot;hdparm -B 254&amp;quot; en AC para parar esos clicks). Alternativamente, puede ser capaz de configurar el tiempo de espera de aparcamiento de cabezales de disco duro a algo así como 1-3 minutos, o desactivar totalmente el timeout en dispositivos NO-moviles (idle3-tools), tenga un proceso que genere más actividad frecuente a discotanto en cuanto vea otra actividad (https://code.google.com/p/wdsaver), o cace y elimine la fuente de los accesos periódicos a disco (probablemente mensajes de registro, log).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compruebe que /etc/aliases contiene una línea &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;root: &amp;lt;mail-user&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; que reenvíe correspondencia dirigida al usuario root a su cuenta de usuario propia, y ejecute &amp;quot;sudo newaliases&amp;quot; si hicieran falta cambios. (Y configure su programa de correo para comprobar su cuenta local de mailbox bajo /var/mail/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Para monitorizar el estado de salud de discos duros, instale smartmontools y smart-notifier, entonces ponga &amp;quot;start smartd = yes&amp;quot; en /etc/default/smartmontools.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Puede considerar usar [[AppArmor]] / [[Tomoyo]] y sub-usuarios separados para confinar navegadores, clientes de correo, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Permitir a los usuarios crear comparticiones de directorios por red (windows/cifs) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Instale samba (si es que aun no está), entonces &amp;quot;sudo adduser &amp;lt;nombredeusuario&amp;gt; comparticiondesamba&amp;quot; para permitir al &amp;lt;nombredeusuario&amp;gt; crear comparticiones de ficheros.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Para evitar que samba cree ficheros como el usuario reservado &amp;quot;nobody&amp;quot; (el cual nunca debería poseer ningún fichero del sistema), cree un &amp;quot;sambaguest&amp;quot;, usuario invitado y añada lo siguiente a la sección global de /etc/samba/smb.conf:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
guest account = sambaguest&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Para asegurar que los ficheros creados por invitados samba son localmente accesibles, añada esto a la sección global de /etc/samba/smb.conf:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
inherit permissions = yes&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
También recuerde hacer &amp;quot;chmod g+s&amp;quot; a los directorios de comparticiones escribibles para que sean directorios setguid y configure sus permisos de lectura/escritura  de acuerdo con los usuarios samba permitidos (p.ej. públicamente para permitir accesos de invitados). (Bug Debian DebianBug:678834)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La opción &amp;quot;inherit permissions = yes&amp;quot; permite a samba crear ficheros con los permisos del directorio continente (pero x bits están todavía mapeados al sistema de marcas (flags) de Windows: archive, hidden).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Si el enrutador suyo no resuelve nombres de computadoras locales correctamente, y los servidores DNS de su ISPs responden con IPs falsas en vez de devolver &amp;quot;unknown&amp;quot; (desconocido), active también la línea &amp;quot;name resolve order&amp;quot; (quite el &amp;quot;;&amp;quot;) y mueva &amp;quot;host&amp;quot; al final de la lista.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Directorios de grupo (Localmente compartidos) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Con la corrección de umask de arriba, más ciertos directorios vertebradores por defecto, Debian puede fácilmente proporcionar realmente una experiencia agradable de colaboración entre usuarios lista para usar: los usuarios pueden simplemente colaborar con ficheros, imágenes,documentos, etc. en sistemas multiusuario (p.ej. PC familiares, servidores etc.) en  su grupo de directorios. Ya preparados, el grupo por defecto &amp;quot;users&amp;quot; permite a todos los usuairos colaborar en ficheros de /home/users; para una colaboración de grano mas fino, puede configurar grupos de usuarios adicionales.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Véase la página wiki de [[es/UserPrivateGroups|Grupos privados de usuarios]] (UPG) para más detalles y UbuntuWiki:MultiUserManagement&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Navegador Web ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Para tener una versión reciente y aun mantenida de un navegador mozilla, necesita activar la fuente &amp;quot;release&amp;quot; de [http://mozilla.debian.net mozilla.debian.net].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Para una navegación segura y cuerda, instale las siguientes extensiones con el gestor de paquetes de Debian: DebianPkg:xul-ext-noscript (limpia compañias por defecto de la lista de control de aceptación, whitelist), DebianPkg:xul-ext-adblock-plus (desactiva la lista por defecto de control de aceptación, whitelist), DebianPkg:xul-ext-cookie-monster, DebianPkg:xul-ext-useragentswitcher (establecido genericamente), y DebianPkg:xul-ext-refcontrol (establecido a bloquear).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Los añadidos HTTPS-Everywhere, &amp;quot;Ref Control&amp;quot; y &amp;quot;Request Policy&amp;quot; (quizá elimine las compañias que cuele en la whitelist) solo pueden estar disponibles a través de la página o menú de descargas de Add-ons del navegador.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Considere también los add-ons &amp;quot;ghostery&amp;quot;, y &amp;quot;self-destructing cookies&amp;quot; para bloquear cookies no deseadas, y active el borrado de cookies requeridas una vez que se cierre su pestaña (si se permiten y no están en la whitelist), y borra todas las cookies que ya te dieron contra tu independencia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Si necesita usar el DebianPkg:flashplugin-nonfree, está en el repositorio &#039;&#039;contrib&#039;&#039;, y considere instalar la extensión betterprivacy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Evite que el navegador envíe a Google un hash de cada sitio que usted visite (preparado para ser añadido a su traza de navegación hashed) mediante la desactivación de pciones marcadas como &amp;quot;block reported forgery and attack sites&amp;quot; en las propiedades de seguridad.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Desactive el soporte (&amp;quot;support&amp;quot;) de motores de búsqueda y por supuesto la página inicial personalizada de Google, para prevenir que el navegador se conecte allí cada vez que inicie su navegador o busque algo y le identifique con precisión en ese proceso.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Véase [https://panopticlick.eff.org] para encontrar cuan genérica realmente es su huella en la web, y monitorice los registros de su cortafuegos para incluso llegar a conocer los extraños sitios a los que su computador acaba conectándose.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Considere BFilter. [http://bfilter.sourceforge.net] (paquetes mas recientes: http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/bfilter)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Paquetes adicionales que puede querer instalar ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Use &#039;&#039;&#039;apt-get install &amp;lt;packagename&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;, o el gestor de paquetes synaptic para encontrar, seleccionar e instalar los siguientes paquetes:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* firmware-linux* (desde el repositorio non-free puede ser necesario incluso para instalar con cierto hardware)&lt;br /&gt;
* synaptic (no incluido con el escritorio Xfce)&lt;br /&gt;
* preload (precargará los programas más frecuentemente usados en la RAM)&lt;br /&gt;
* mc (midnight commander, un gestor de ficheros de consola)&lt;br /&gt;
* un paquete ssh-askpass (dejemos que ssh use una ventana gráfica para pedir  contraseña cuando se ejecute bajo X)&lt;br /&gt;
* geeqie (rápido visor de imágenes)&lt;br /&gt;
* vlc, browser-plugin-vlc, freetuxtv (reproductor de vídeo)&lt;br /&gt;
* parcellite o clipit (un gestor ligero de portapapeles)&lt;br /&gt;
* autokey (atajos de teclado)&lt;br /&gt;
* zim (gestor de anotaciones) + scrot (plugin para capturas de pantalla) Ponga &amp;quot;zim --plugin trayicon&amp;quot; en el autostart.&lt;br /&gt;
    (p.ej.: en SSDs autosave tras diez minutos en vez de cada 10 segundos: ~/.config/zim/preferences.conf: autosave_timeout=600)&lt;br /&gt;
* goldendict-worldnet (diccionario de inglés, y trans-de-en la selección actual con un atajo de teclado)&lt;br /&gt;
* ding + trans-de-en + agrep (traducciones)&lt;br /&gt;
* backintime (programa de respaldos o backup)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Usuario =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Configure la comprobación del correo local /var/mail/&amp;lt;user&amp;gt; (p.ej.: añada un icono de notificación de correo al panel).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dependiendo del entorno de escritorio escogido, del hábito suyo y de la deformación en sus dedos, puede tener que activar/desactivar la apertura de ficheros con un solo click en las preferencias del navegador de ficheros.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Si necesita un programa específico que no esté en los repositorios, o está instalado en estable y necesita una versión más reciente del programa, refiérase a [[es/DebianSoftware| Software de Debian]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Si quiere ajustar valores por defecto  globales del sistema para todos los usuarios, refiérase a [[es/DesktopDefaultSettings|Configuraciones por defecto del escritorio]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Adaptaciones específicas del escritorio =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== GNOME ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Para crear comparticiones por red con Nautilus, instale el paquete &amp;quot;nautilus-share&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Para activar la opción en gris de &amp;quot;Contraseña: no preguntar al entrar&amp;quot; para usuarios en Sistema &amp;gt; Administración &amp;gt; Usuarios y Grupos (Necesario para cambiar de cuenta (guest) ademas del auto login.): Cree el grupo nopasswdlogin,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sudo addgroup --system nopasswdlogin&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
y añada lo siguiente a la configuración pam de gdm en /etc/pam.d/gdm:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
auth sufficient pam_succeed_if.so user ingroup nopasswdlogin&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Asegúrese de que esta línea va justo antes de la línea &amp;quot;@include common-auth&amp;quot;. Puede usar &amp;quot;sudo adduser &amp;lt;usuario&amp;gt; nopasswdlogin&amp;quot; para añadir un usuario al grupo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Xfce ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Para navegar  la reed en el gestor de ficheros thunar, instale gvfs-backends y gvfs-fuse, y añada sus usuarios al grupo &amp;quot;fuse&amp;quot; (sudo adduser &amp;lt;user&amp;gt; fuse).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thunar carece de un plugin para crear comparticiones de red (bug DebianBug:672539). Apaño: [http://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?f=197&amp;amp;t=88255 defina acciones personalizadas] (ajuste los permisos (setguid) de acuerdo con la sección samba de arriba).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Instale Catfish para ser capaz de buscar ficheros.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Puede librarse de la cosa ocupa-espacio &amp;quot;dock&amp;quot; (dársena de carga) en lo fondo añadiendo los disparadores deseados al Panel 1 y borrando el Panel 2 en las configuraciones de Panel. Para mover un panel de una ubicación a otra en el escritorio, necesita &amp;quot;desbloquearlo&amp;quot; en el panel de configuraciones.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Para cambiar de usuarios sin contraseña, puede crear y activar un grupo nopasswdlogin como se describió para GNOME, si está usted usando gdm (el valor por defecto).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La versión Xfce de Wheezytodavía no tiene un diálogo para activar toques táctiles, necesita añadir un ítem de autoarranque que ejecute lo siguiente:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
/usr/bin/synclient TapButton1=1 PalmDetect=1&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Si necesita configurar monitores (múltiples) y sus configuraciones, instale &amp;quot;arandr&amp;quot;. Permite guardar la disposición de pantalla a un fichero .sh que puede ser llamado desde un ítem de autoarranque.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Si quiere mas herramientas de configuración gráfica, puede instalar gnome-disk-utility (palimpsest) y &amp;quot;apt-get --no-install-recommends install gnome-system-tools&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Como gestor de fotos, quizá instalar Shotwell.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Finalmente =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
¡...diviértase! Y si encuentra bugs, busque por Internet, si el bug no esta ya archivado, encuentre el paquete apropiado e informe de un bug contra ello. Si concierne a Debian, puede usar la utilidad &amp;quot;reportbug&amp;quot; para eso.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Puede crear una copia de respaldo (backup) del estado de su instalación completa del sistema con apt-clone.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Quick]] . &lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=DebianDesktopHowTo&amp;diff=1850</id>
		<title>DebianDesktopHowTo</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=DebianDesktopHowTo&amp;diff=1850"/>
		<updated>2026-10-26T22:17:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 196 revisions imported: Test of revisions&lt;/p&gt;
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{{Warning|This is a wiki migration test page}}&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a community-maintained list of things to do in order to get an appealing [[DebianDesktop]] installation. If you have any additions, you should keep this page up to date. If you are able to integrate things into Debian, please help to shorten the list.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
__TOC__&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Select Appropriate Debian Release =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Refer to [[DebianReleases|Debian Releases]] for more information about the Debian versions, but the following ideas may guide your decision.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Using (released) stable versions + security updates and selected newer backport packages? (a full distribution upgrade is made available about every two years) ==&lt;br /&gt;
Choose [[DebianStable|Debian Stable]] if you want the computer to just work for a prolonged period of time, without the risk of new packages breaking your habits or workflow. You may still install more recent versions of selected packages from the [http://backports.debian.org Debian Backports] repository.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Using rolling (recent) testing package versions? (distributed for public testing) ==&lt;br /&gt;
If it is important to you to have recent versions of &#039;&#039;all&#039;&#039; the installed software continuously rolling onto your desktop or laptop, and you are fine with constantly downloading and installing updates that may stir up a bug every once in a while, you may choose [[DebianTesting|Debian Testing]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Using rolling (currently new) unstable package versions? (they just made it out of the Debian developer &amp;quot;labs&amp;quot;) ==&lt;br /&gt;
Well, if you are sure you really need this for &#039;&#039;all&#039;&#039; the installed packages, you should learn about [[DebianUnstable|Debian &amp;quot;Sid&amp;quot;]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Downloading =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Official installation images are available from the Debian [http://www.debian.org/distrib/ download page].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For Debian 12 onwards, debian-installer will detect and automatically install necessary non-free firmware. For Debian 11 and earlier, please refer to the [[Firmware]] Page to determine if and how you may need to download firmware for a successful installation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Select a Desktop Environment =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the installation, you can select your preferred desktop environment at the [https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/i386/ch06s03#pkgsel Selecting and Installing Software] installation step.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By default, Debian installer will choose [[Gnome|GNOME]], however you can also select [[Xfce]], [[KDE|KDE Plasma]], Cinnamon, [[MATE]], [[LXDE]], or [[LXQt]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
GNOME and KDE each boast a complete desktop experience, an extensive ecosystem of apps, and support for [[Wayland]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For older computers, consider using Xfce, LXQt, or LXDE, as they consume less system resources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Users used to GNOME 2 may prefer MATE, which is a continuation of that project.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Users transitioning from Windows may prefer Cinnamon, which provides a Windows 7-like experience.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Or, you may choose e17 (Enlightenment), a new candidate that also features a touchscreen mode.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Installing =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== System ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To use sudo and your regular password for system administration, leave the root password empty during installation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is a neat universal partitioning scheme you can set up, especially if you have an SSD, may want redundant drives, or want to keep laptop drives spun down to lower noise and power consumption. Find it together with instructions on how to minimize disk writes as at [[SSDoptimization|SSD Optimizations]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bug DebianBug:653760 - The audio group must not have any members, otherwise consolekit won&#039;t adjust audio permissions (ACLs) when switching between users. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If shared directories are used (see [[UserPrivateGroups|user private groups]] or if restrictive umask value (for example 0077) is necessary then in Debian 12 bookworm and earlier releases you should enable the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;pam_umask.so&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; module in PAM configuration, see [[Permissions#System-wide_umask_configuration|System-wide umask configuration]] in Permissions.&lt;br /&gt;
No action should be required since Trixie.&lt;br /&gt;
With releases older than Bookworm there were issues with systemd user session or GNOME display manager (gdm) overrode the system&#039;s default umask. Thus, if you use gdm you may try to fix it, or just install another dm like kdm, slim, or [[LightDM]], but consider [[Permissions#Per-user_umask_settings|per-user umask settings]] recipes first.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Green&amp;quot; or laptop hard disk models often suffer from parking/unparking their heads every 10 seconds or so, causing excessive wear. Check &#039;smartctl -a /dev/sdX&#039; to see your current Load_Cycle_Count. As a countermeasure, install laptop-mode-tools and set CONTROL_HD_POWERMGMT=1 in /etc/laptop-mode.conf (sets &amp;quot;hdparm -B 254&amp;quot; on AC to stop those clicks). Alternatively, you may be able to set the hard drive&#039;s head parking idle timeout to something like 1-3 minutes, or to disable the timeout altogether on NON-mobile devices (idle3-tools), have a process generate more frequent disk activity as long as it sees other activity (https://code.google.com/p/wdsaver), or hunt down and eliminate the source of the periodic disk accesses (probably log messages).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Check that /etc/aliases contains a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;root: &amp;lt;mail-user&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; line that forwards mail directed at the root user to your own user account, and execute &amp;quot;sudo newaliases&amp;quot; if changes were necessary. (And set up your mail program to check your local mailbox under /var/mail/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To monitor hard drive health status, install smartmontools and smart-notifier, then set &amp;quot;start smartd = yes&amp;quot; in /etc/default/smartmontools.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Maybe consider using [[AppArmor]] / [[Tomoyo]] and separate sub-users to confine browsers, email clients, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Enable users to create (windows/cifs) network shares ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Install samba (if not present already), then &amp;quot;sudo adduser &amp;lt;username&amp;gt; sambashare&amp;quot; to allow &amp;lt;username&amp;gt; to create file shares.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To avoid that samba creates files as the reserved user &amp;quot;nobody&amp;quot; (who should never own any files on the system), create a &amp;quot;sambaguest&amp;quot; user and add the following to the global section of /etc/samba/smb.conf:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
guest account = sambaguest&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure that files created by samba guests are locally accessible, add this to the global section of /etc/samba/smb.conf:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
inherit permissions = yes&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Also remember to &amp;quot;chmod g+s&amp;quot; the directories of writable shares to be setguid dirs and set their read/write permissions according to the allowed samba users (i.e. publicly to enable guest access). (Bug Debian DebianBug:678834)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;inherit permissions = yes&amp;quot; option lets samba create files with the permissions of the containing directory (but x bits are still mapped to the Windows&#039; system flags: archive, hidden).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If your router does not resolve local hostnames correctly, and your ISPs DNS servers respond with false IPs instead of returning &amp;quot;unknown&amp;quot;, also enable the &amp;quot;name resolve order&amp;quot; line (remove the &amp;quot;;&amp;quot;) and move &amp;quot;host&amp;quot; to the end of the list.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== (Locally Shared) Group Directories ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With the umask correction from above, plus some default skeleton directories, Debian can easily provide a really nice out-of-the-box user collaboration experience: users can simply collaborate on files, pictures, documents, etc. on multi-user systems (e.g. family PCs, servers etc.) in their group directories. Out of the box, the default group &amp;quot;users&amp;quot; allows all users to collaborate on files in /home/users; for finer grained collaboration, you can set up additional user groups.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See the [[UserPrivateGroups]] (UPG) wiki page for details and UbuntuWiki:MultiUserManagement&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Web Browser ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For a recent and still maintained version of a mozilla browser, you need to enable the &amp;quot;release&amp;quot; source from [http://mozilla.debian.net mozilla.debian.net].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For secure and sane browsing, install the following extensions with the Debian package manager: DebianPkg:xul-ext-noscript (clean companies from default whitelist), DebianPkg:xul-ext-adblock-plus (disable its default whitelist), DebianPkg:xul-ext-cookie-monster, DebianPkg:xul-ext-useragentswitcher (set generically), and DebianPkg:xul-ext-refcontrol (set to block).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The add-ons HTTPS-Everywhere, &amp;quot;Ref Control&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Request Policy&amp;quot; (maybe remove the companies it sneaks into your whitelist) may only be available through the browser Add-ons download menu/page.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also consider the add-ons &amp;quot;ghostery&amp;quot;, and &amp;quot;self-destructing cookies&amp;quot; to block unwanted cookies, and enable deletion of required cookies once its tab is closed (if allowed and not whitelisted), and delete all the cookies you were already fed with against your independence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you need to use the DebianPkg:flashplugin-nonfree, it is in the contrib repository, and consider installing the betterprivacy extension.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stop the browser from sending Google a hash of every site you visit (ready to be added to your hashed browsing track) by disabling the options flagged as &amp;quot;block reported forgery and attack sites&amp;quot; in the security properties.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Disable the search engine &amp;quot;support&amp;quot; and of course the custom Google start page, to prevent the browser from connecting there every time you start the browser or search something and identifying you reliably in the process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See [https://panopticlick.eff.org] to find out how generic your fingerprint on the web really is, and monitor your firewall logs to even get to know the strange places your computer connects to.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Consider BFilter. [http://bfilter.sourceforge.net] (newer packages: http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/bfilter)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Additional packages you may want to install ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Use &#039;&#039;&#039;apt-get install &amp;lt;packagename&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;, or the synaptic package manager to find, select and install the following packages:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* firmware-linux* (from non-free repository may be needed even to install with certain hardware)&lt;br /&gt;
* synaptic (not included with the Xfce desktop)&lt;br /&gt;
* preload (will preload often used programs into ram)&lt;br /&gt;
* mc (midnight commander, a console file manager)&lt;br /&gt;
* a ssh-askpass package (lets ssh use a graphical password prompt window when run under X)&lt;br /&gt;
* geeqie (fast picture viewer)&lt;br /&gt;
* vlc, browser-plugin-vlc, freetuxtv (video player)&lt;br /&gt;
* parcellite or clipit (lightweight clipboard manager)&lt;br /&gt;
* autokey (keyboard shortcuts)&lt;br /&gt;
* zim (managing notes) + scrot (for screenshot plugin) Put &amp;quot;zim --plugin trayicon&amp;quot; in autostart.&lt;br /&gt;
    (e.g. on SSDs autosave after ten minutes instead of 10 seconds: ~/.config/zim/preferences.conf: autosave_timeout=600)&lt;br /&gt;
* goldendict-worldnet (english dictionary, and trans-de-en current selection with hotkey)&lt;br /&gt;
* ding + trans-de-en + agrep (translations)&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/backintime Back In Time]([https://github.com/bit-team/backintime upstream]) - (GUI backup program using [https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/rsync rsync] in the back)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= User =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Set up checking of the local /var/mail/&amp;lt;user&amp;gt; mailbox (e.g. add a mail notification icon to the panel).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Depending on the chosen desktop environment, your habit and the strain on your fingers, you may have to enable/disable single-click file opening in the file browser&#039;s preferences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you need a specific program that is not in the repositories, or installed stable and need a more recent version of a program, refer to [[DebianSoftware]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you want to adjust system-wide defaults for all users, refer to [[DesktopDefaultSettings]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Desktop Specific Adaptions =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== GNOME ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To create network shares with Nautilus, install package &amp;quot;nautilus-share&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To enable the greyed &amp;quot;Password: not asked at login&amp;quot; option for users in System &amp;gt; Administration &amp;gt; Users and Groups (Needed for (guest) account switching in addition to auto login.): Create the nopasswdlogin group,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sudo addgroup --system nopasswdlogin&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
and add the following to gdm&#039;s pam config in /etc/pam.d/gdm:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
auth sufficient pam_succeed_if.so user ingroup nopasswdlogin&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Make sure this line goes right before the &amp;quot;@include common-auth&amp;quot; line. You can use &amp;quot;sudo adduser &amp;lt;user&amp;gt; nopasswdlogin&amp;quot; to add a user to the group.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Xfce ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For network browsing in the thunar file manager, install gvfs-backends and gvfs-fuse, and add your users to the &amp;quot;fuse&amp;quot; group (sudo adduser &amp;lt;user&amp;gt; fuse).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thunar is missing a plugin to create network shares (bug DebianBug:672539). Workaround: [http://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?f=197&amp;amp;t=88255 define custom actions] (adjust the permissions (setguid) according to the samba section above).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Install Catfish to be able to search for files.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can get rid of the space-consuming &amp;quot;dock&amp;quot; thing at the bottom by adding the desired starters to Panel 1 and deleting Panel 2 in the Panel settings. To move a panel to another location on the desktop, you need to &amp;quot;unlock&amp;quot; it in the panel settings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For passwordless user switching, you may create and enable a nopasswdlogin group as described for GNOME, if you are using gdm (the default).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wheezy&#039;s Xfce version does not yet have a dialog to enable touchpad-tapping clicks, you need to add an autostart item that executes the following:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
/usr/bin/synclient TapButton1=1 PalmDetect=1&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you need to configure (multiple) monitors and their settings, install &amp;quot;arandr&amp;quot;. It allows to save the screenlayout to a .sh file that can be called from an autostart item.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you want more graphical configuration tools, you may install gnome-disk-utility (palimpsest) and &amp;quot;apt-get --no-install-recommends install gnome-system-tools&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As a photo manager, maybe install Shotwell.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Finally =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
...have fun! And if you encounter bugs, search the Internet, if the bug is not already filed, find the appropriate package and file a bug against it. If it concerns Debian, you can use the &amp;quot;reportbug&amp;quot; utility for that.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can create a backup of your complete system installation state with apt-clone.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= See also =&lt;br /&gt;
* [[SetupGuides/SecurePersonalComputer]], another similar guide&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Quick]] &lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Chroot/es&amp;diff=1653</id>
		<title>Chroot/es</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Chroot/es&amp;diff=1653"/>
		<updated>2026-09-28T16:39:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!-- language: es --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Chroot]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:Chroot]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[it:Chroot]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- end of language versions --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Warning|This is a launch status check of the wiki migration, you can edit this entry to test things, but it might be deleted at any time, so save it if you want to keep your edits.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Todo lo que chroot hace es, para todos los procesos hijo, reemplazar el directorio raíz con uno especificado.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Levantando una red dentro de un chroot /tmp/custom/debian-live/chroot/ ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# mount -o bind /sys /tmp/personalizado/debian-live/chroot/sys&lt;br /&gt;
# mount -o bind /proc /tmp/personalizado/debian-live/chroot/proc&lt;br /&gt;
# chroot /tmp/personalizado/debian-live/chroot/&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ahora dentro de chroot usted podría necesitar reestablecer la [[es/Network|red]] para que cosas como route/dns puedan configurarse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# dhclient eth0&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Esto es útil para probar y configurar un sistema que está para ser distribuido, p.e.[[es/DebianLive|DebianLive]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Anchor|BuildAChroot}}&lt;br /&gt;
== Construir chroot ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[es/debootstrap|Debootstrap]]  : Crear otro sistema Debian por completo dentro de un chroot.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Ver También ==&lt;br /&gt;
* La Guía de Referencia Debian tiene algunos  [http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/reference/ch09#_chroot_system consejos sobre &amp;quot;chroot&amp;quot;].&lt;br /&gt;
* [[es/DebianInstaller|DebianInstaller]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Wikipedia [[WikiPedia:Chroot]]&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[ToDo]]: [[fr/Chroot|Sync with french version]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[:Category:System]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Chroot/de&amp;diff=1652</id>
		<title>Chroot/de</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Chroot/de&amp;diff=1652"/>
		<updated>2026-09-28T16:38:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!-- language: de --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[es:Chroot]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:Chroot]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[it:Chroot]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- end of language versions --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Warning|This is a launch status check of the wiki migration, you can edit this entry to test things, but it might be deleted at any time, so save it if you want to keep your edits.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
chroot ersetzt für alle Kind-Prozesse das Standard-Root-Verzeichnis durch das angegebene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Ein Netzwerk innerhalb des chroot /tmp/custom/debian-live/chroot/ konfigurieren ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sudo mount -o bind /sys /tmp/custom/debian-live/chroot/sys&lt;br /&gt;
sudo mount -o bind /proc /tmp/custom/debian-live/chroot/proc&lt;br /&gt;
sudo chroot /tmp/custom/debian-live/chroot/&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Innerhalb des chroot muss das [[network|Netzwerk]] wahrscheinlich zurückgesetzt werden, damit die Routen und das DNS gesetzt werden.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
dhclient eth0&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dies ist nützlich zum Testen und Konfigurieren eines zu deployenden Systems, z.B. [[DebianLive]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Anchor|BuildAChroot}}&lt;br /&gt;
== Bauen eines chroots ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Debootstrap]]  : Installation eines kompletten Debian-Systems innerhalb eines chroots.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Siehe auch ==&lt;br /&gt;
* In der Debian-Referenz finden sich einige [http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/reference/ch09#_chroot_system &amp;quot;chroot&amp;quot; Tipps].&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianInstaller]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Wikipedia [[WikiPedia:Chroot]]&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[:Category:System]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Chroot/de&amp;diff=1651</id>
		<title>Chroot/de</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Chroot/de&amp;diff=1651"/>
		<updated>2026-09-28T16:38:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!-- language: de --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[es:Chroot]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:Chroot}]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[it:Chroot]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- end of language versions --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Warning|This is a launch status check of the wiki migration, you can edit this entry to test things, but it might be deleted at any time, so save it if you want to keep your edits.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
chroot ersetzt für alle Kind-Prozesse das Standard-Root-Verzeichnis durch das angegebene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Ein Netzwerk innerhalb des chroot /tmp/custom/debian-live/chroot/ konfigurieren ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sudo mount -o bind /sys /tmp/custom/debian-live/chroot/sys&lt;br /&gt;
sudo mount -o bind /proc /tmp/custom/debian-live/chroot/proc&lt;br /&gt;
sudo chroot /tmp/custom/debian-live/chroot/&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Innerhalb des chroot muss das [[network|Netzwerk]] wahrscheinlich zurückgesetzt werden, damit die Routen und das DNS gesetzt werden.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
dhclient eth0&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dies ist nützlich zum Testen und Konfigurieren eines zu deployenden Systems, z.B. [[DebianLive]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Anchor|BuildAChroot}}&lt;br /&gt;
== Bauen eines chroots ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Debootstrap]]  : Installation eines kompletten Debian-Systems innerhalb eines chroots.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Siehe auch ==&lt;br /&gt;
* In der Debian-Referenz finden sich einige [http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/reference/ch09#_chroot_system &amp;quot;chroot&amp;quot; Tipps].&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianInstaller]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Wikipedia [[WikiPedia:Chroot]]&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[:Category:System]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Chroot/de&amp;diff=1650</id>
		<title>Chroot/de</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Chroot/de&amp;diff=1650"/>
		<updated>2026-09-28T16:35:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!-- language: de --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[es:{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[it:{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- end of language versions --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Warning|This is a launch status check of the wiki migration, you can edit this entry to test things, but it might be deleted at any time, so save it if you want to keep your edits.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
chroot ersetzt für alle Kind-Prozesse das Standard-Root-Verzeichnis durch das angegebene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Ein Netzwerk innerhalb des chroot /tmp/custom/debian-live/chroot/ konfigurieren ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sudo mount -o bind /sys /tmp/custom/debian-live/chroot/sys&lt;br /&gt;
sudo mount -o bind /proc /tmp/custom/debian-live/chroot/proc&lt;br /&gt;
sudo chroot /tmp/custom/debian-live/chroot/&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Innerhalb des chroot muss das [[network|Netzwerk]] wahrscheinlich zurückgesetzt werden, damit die Routen und das DNS gesetzt werden.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
dhclient eth0&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dies ist nützlich zum Testen und Konfigurieren eines zu deployenden Systems, z.B. [[DebianLive]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Anchor|BuildAChroot}}&lt;br /&gt;
== Bauen eines chroots ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Debootstrap]]  : Installation eines kompletten Debian-Systems innerhalb eines chroots.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Siehe auch ==&lt;br /&gt;
* In der Debian-Referenz finden sich einige [http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/reference/ch09#_chroot_system &amp;quot;chroot&amp;quot; Tipps].&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianInstaller]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Wikipedia [[WikiPedia:Chroot]]&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[:Category:System]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Chroot&amp;diff=1649</id>
		<title>Chroot</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Chroot&amp;diff=1649"/>
		<updated>2026-09-28T16:31:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!-- language: en --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[es:{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[it:{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- end of language versions --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Warning|This is a launch status check of the wiki migration, you can edit this entry to test things, but it might be deleted at any time, so save it if you want to keep your edits.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[DebianMan:chroot]] is an utility that changes which folder is considered the root of the filesystem hierarchy by its child processes, so that it is impossible for them to access the parent folder of the new root, even though it physically exists on the disk.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
__TOC__&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-------&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Common use-cases =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;utility is intended mostly for an occasional, ad-hoc usage.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you regularly need different environments, then consider a container runtime like &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;podman&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; instead.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Fast switching to another environment (distro, version, flavor, package mix etc) for the purposes of testing, building, debugging etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* Repairing a broken Linux installation by connecting its primary drive as an external device (for example using an USB enclosure) to some other working system and performing operations from within the system being repaired.&lt;br /&gt;
* Historically &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; was also used to increase the security of network services running on a given machine: if an attacker managed to trick a service to an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrary_code_execution arbitrary code execution], he would still not have access to the whole filesystem of the machine (he would remain in a so called &#039;&#039;chroot jail&#039;&#039;). This however does not prevent the attacker from using the machine&#039;s network interfaces to further penetrate the internal network, moreover on Linux and some other UNIXes, escaping a &amp;quot;chroot jail&amp;quot; is relatively easy. As a result, for security-related purposes &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; was replaced by virtual machines and containers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-------&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Basic setup and usage =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Unless explicitly stated otherwise, all commands in the below subsections require &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;root&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;privileges.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Create or provide a file hierarchy of a Linux system ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the subsequent sections, &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;${chrootFolder}&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; will refer to the root folder of a file hierarchy created or provided as described below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* In case of switching to existing installations, it boils down to mounting their root filesystem at a target folder of your choice.&lt;br /&gt;
* In case you want to create a fresh Debian image, you can use utilities such as [[DebianMan:mmdebstrap]], for example to create a clean environment to build deb packages:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
mmdebstrap --skip=output/dev,output/mknod --variant=buildd \&lt;br /&gt;
    trixie &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}&amp;quot; http://deb.debian.org/debian&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Mount virtual filesystems ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As of 2026 these are &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;proc&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;sysfs&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;udev&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; and &amp;quot;children&amp;quot; of the latter 2 of which there are too many and which also tend to die off or spawn way too often. Fortunately, [[DebianMan:mount]] has &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--rbind&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; option that allows to bind an already mounted filesystem together with all its children to an additional target folder. You need to use either &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--make-rslave&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; or &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--make-rprivate&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; flag too (see [[DebianMan:mount_namespaces]] for details).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
mount -t proc proc &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/proc&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
mount --rbind --make-rslave /sys &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/sys&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
mount --rbind --make-rslave /dev &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/dev&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In case you are wondering: &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;proc&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; has 1 child also: &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;binfmt_misc&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, which is used for registering binary executable handlers/interpreters, which does not make sense in a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; (the absolute path of a given interpreter needs to be provided, which is inaccessible from a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;-ed context), therefore no point in binding it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Copy the DNS resolver config ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
cp /etc/resolv.conf &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/etc/&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Perform a chroot switch ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This usually boils down to&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
chroot &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
...which will start an interactive login shell of &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;root&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; user inside the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;-ed environment, so that you can interactively perform whatever tasks you need.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For non-interactive tasks, you can instead provide an alternative command and its args:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
chroot &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}&amp;quot; /root/myScriptToBeExecutedInChroot.sh myArg1 myArg2&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/root/myScriptToBeExecutedInChroot.sh&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; is a path inside the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;-ed hierarchy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Cleanup ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; process exits, you need to unbind / &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;umount&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; all the virtual filesystems bound / mounted previously. Fortunately &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;umount&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; also has &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--recursive&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; / &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;-R&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; flag to help with this:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
umount -R &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/dev&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
umount -R &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/sys&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
umount -R &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/proc&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
If &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;${chrootFolder}&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; is a mount point of an external drive and you want to &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;umount&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; it also, you can replace all the above commands with the below single one:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
umount -R &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-------&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Additional notes and scenarios =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Running X11 GUI apps ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Running X11 GUI apps from within a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;-ed environment and displaying them on host&#039;s X11 server works using standard mechanisms: just export the value of &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;DISPLAY&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; env var from the host in the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; and make sure the host X server will allow connections (for example using [[DebianMan:xhost]] utility).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Running Systemd services ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Systemd services will generally refuse to run in a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;-ed environment. Use [[nspawn|systemd-nspawn]] instead of &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; if you need to run Systemd services.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Foreign architectures ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If [[DebianPkg:qemu-user-binfmt]] is installed, it is possible to &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; to a filesystem for any foreign arch it supports.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Modifying boot data ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you want to modify the boot data of another system whose drive you &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;-ed into (this includes for example running &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;update-grub&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;update-initramfs&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, installing a new kernel or firmware + kernel modules for boot-critical devices etc), you need to mount its &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/boot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; hierarchy. This may include the following:&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/boot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; itself is sometimes a separate partition, most commonly on systems using some disk encryption scheme.&lt;br /&gt;
* On UEFI systems (which includes most of modern x86 and ARM hardware), their ESP partitions are mounted at &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/boot/efi&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is usually most convenient to mount these filesystems right after performing a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; switch.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After performing a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; switch, check which filesystem are present by running &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;grep /boot /etc/fstab&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;. Below is an example output from a system with both &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/boot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/boot/efi&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; entries:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
UUID=7a307683-255a-4bac-937f-95aa2af2ca17  /boot      ext4  defaults    0  2&lt;br /&gt;
UUID=4D18-6163                             /boot/efi  vfat  umask=0077  0  1&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
If &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/etc/fstab&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; entries use UUIDs as in the example above (which is the default on most modern distros) or unique &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;PARTLABEL&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;s or &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;LABEL&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;s, then all you need to do is to point &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;mount&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; to their corresponding mount-points:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
mount /boot&lt;br /&gt;
mount /boot/efi&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
On some older systems, instead of UUIDs or labels, device nodes may be used in &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/etc/fstab&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, like for example &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/dev/sdaX&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; etc. In such case you need to figure out what device node currently corresponds to a given filesystem. Most commonly, it will be another partition on the same physical drive as the root filesystem of that external system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After you are done with your &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; work, these filesystems may be &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;umount&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;-ed either from within the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; or after exiting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[:Category:System]] | [[:Category:Virtualization]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Chroot&amp;diff=1648</id>
		<title>Chroot</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Chroot&amp;diff=1648"/>
		<updated>2026-09-28T16:29:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!-- language en --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- pragma supplementation-page on --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- #For Translators - to have a constantly up to date translation header in you page, you can just add a line like the following (with the comment&#039;s character at the start of the line removed) --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- #&amp;lt;&amp;lt;Include(chroot, ,from=&amp;quot;^##TAG:TRANSLATION-HEADER-START&amp;quot;,to=&amp;quot;^##TAG:TRANSLATION-HEADER-END&amp;quot;)&amp;gt;&amp;gt; --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- #TAG:TRANSLATION-HEADER-START --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;[[DebianWiki/EditorGuide#translation|Translation(s)]]: [[de/chroot|Deutsch]]&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;- [[chroot|English]]&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;- [[es/chroot|Español]]&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;- [[fr/Chroot|Français]]&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;- [[it/chroot|Italiano]]&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- #TAG:TRANSLATION-HEADER-END --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[DebianMan:chroot]] is an utility that changes which folder is considered the root of the filesystem hierarchy by its child processes, so that it is impossible for them to access the parent folder of the new root, even though it physically exists on the disk.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
__TOC__&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-------&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Common use-cases =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;utility is intended mostly for an occasional, ad-hoc usage.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you regularly need different environments, then consider a container runtime like &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;podman&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; instead.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Fast switching to another environment (distro, version, flavor, package mix etc) for the purposes of testing, building, debugging etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* Repairing a broken Linux installation by connecting its primary drive as an external device (for example using an USB enclosure) to some other working system and performing operations from within the system being repaired.&lt;br /&gt;
* Historically &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; was also used to increase the security of network services running on a given machine: if an attacker managed to trick a service to an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrary_code_execution arbitrary code execution], he would still not have access to the whole filesystem of the machine (he would remain in a so called &#039;&#039;chroot jail&#039;&#039;). This however does not prevent the attacker from using the machine&#039;s network interfaces to further penetrate the internal network, moreover on Linux and some other UNIXes, escaping a &amp;quot;chroot jail&amp;quot; is relatively easy. As a result, for security-related purposes &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; was replaced by virtual machines and containers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-------&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Basic setup and usage =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Unless explicitly stated otherwise, all commands in the below subsections require &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;root&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;privileges.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Create or provide a file hierarchy of a Linux system ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the subsequent sections, &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;${chrootFolder}&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; will refer to the root folder of a file hierarchy created or provided as described below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* In case of switching to existing installations, it boils down to mounting their root filesystem at a target folder of your choice.&lt;br /&gt;
* In case you want to create a fresh Debian image, you can use utilities such as [[DebianMan:mmdebstrap]], for example to create a clean environment to build deb packages:&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
mmdebstrap --skip=output/dev,output/mknod --variant=buildd \&lt;br /&gt;
    trixie &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}&amp;quot; http://deb.debian.org/debian&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Mount virtual filesystems ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As of 2026 these are &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;proc&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;sysfs&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;udev&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; and &amp;quot;children&amp;quot; of the latter 2 of which there are too many and which also tend to die off or spawn way too often. Fortunately, [[DebianMan:mount]] has &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--rbind&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; option that allows to bind an already mounted filesystem together with all its children to an additional target folder. You need to use either &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--make-rslave&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; or &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--make-rprivate&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; flag too (see [[DebianMan:mount_namespaces]] for details).&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
mount -t proc proc &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/proc&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
mount --rbind --make-rslave /sys &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/sys&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
mount --rbind --make-rslave /dev &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/dev&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In case you are wondering: &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;proc&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; has 1 child also: &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;binfmt_misc&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, which is used for registering binary executable handlers/interpreters, which does not make sense in a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; (the absolute path of a given interpreter needs to be provided, which is inaccessible from a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;-ed context), therefore no point in binding it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Copy the DNS resolver config ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
cp /etc/resolv.conf &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/etc/&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Perform a chroot switch ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This usually boils down to&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
chroot &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
...which will start an interactive login shell of &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;root&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; user inside the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;-ed environment, so that you can interactively perform whatever tasks you need.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For non-interactive tasks, you can instead provide an alternative command and its args:&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
chroot &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}&amp;quot; /root/myScriptToBeExecutedInChroot.sh myArg1 myArg2&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/root/myScriptToBeExecutedInChroot.sh&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; is a path inside the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;-ed hierarchy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Cleanup ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; process exits, you need to unbind / &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;umount&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; all the virtual filesystems bound / mounted previously. Fortunately &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;umount&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; also has &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--recursive&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; / &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;-R&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; flag to help with this:&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
umount -R &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/dev&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
umount -R &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/sys&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
umount -R &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/proc&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
If &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;${chrootFolder}&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; is a mount point of an external drive and you want to &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;umount&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; it also, you can replace all the above commands with the below single one:&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
umount -R &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-------&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Additional notes and scenarios =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Running X11 GUI apps ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Running X11 GUI apps from within a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;-ed environment and displaying them on host&#039;s X11 server works using standard mechanisms: just export the value of &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;DISPLAY&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; env var from the host in the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; and make sure the host X server will allow connections (for example using [[DebianMan:xhost]] utility).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Running Systemd services ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Systemd services will generally refuse to run in a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;-ed environment. Use [[nspawn|systemd-nspawn]] instead of &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; if you need to run Systemd services.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Foreign architectures ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If [[DebianPkg:qemu-user-binfmt]] is installed, it is possible to &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; to a filesystem for any foreign arch it supports.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Modifying boot data ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you want to modify the boot data of another system whose drive you &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;-ed into (this includes for example running &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;update-grub&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;update-initramfs&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, installing a new kernel or firmware + kernel modules for boot-critical devices etc), you need to mount its &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/boot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; hierarchy. This may include the following:&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/boot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; itself is sometimes a separate partition, most commonly on systems using some disk encryption scheme.&lt;br /&gt;
* On UEFI systems (which includes most of modern x86 and ARM hardware), their ESP partitions are mounted at &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/boot/efi&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is usually most convenient to mount these filesystems right after performing a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; switch.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After performing a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; switch, check which filesystem are present by running &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;grep /boot /etc/fstab&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;. Below is an example output from a system with both &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/boot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/boot/efi&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; entries:&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
UUID=7a307683-255a-4bac-937f-95aa2af2ca17  /boot      ext4  defaults    0  2&lt;br /&gt;
UUID=4D18-6163                             /boot/efi  vfat  umask=0077  0  1&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
If &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/etc/fstab&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; entries use UUIDs as in the example above (which is the default on most modern distros) or unique &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;PARTLABEL&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;s or &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;LABEL&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;s, then all you need to do is to point &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;mount&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; to their corresponding mount-points:&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
mount /boot&lt;br /&gt;
mount /boot/efi&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
On some older systems, instead of UUIDs or labels, device nodes may be used in &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/etc/fstab&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, like for example &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/dev/sdaX&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; etc. In such case you need to figure out what device node currently corresponds to a given filesystem. Most commonly, it will be another partition on the same physical drive as the root filesystem of that external system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After you are done with your &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; work, these filesystems may be &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;umount&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;-ed either from within the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; or after exiting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[:Category:System]] | [[:Category:Virtualization]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Chroot/de&amp;diff=1646</id>
		<title>Chroot/de</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Chroot/de&amp;diff=1646"/>
		<updated>2026-09-28T16:29:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!-- language: de --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[es:{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[it:{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
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{{Warning|This is a launch status check of the wiki migration, you can edit this entry to test things, but it might be deleted at any time, so save it if you want to keep your edits.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
chroot ersetzt für alle Kind-Prozesse das Standard-Root-Verzeichnis durch das angegebene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Ein Netzwerk innerhalb des chroot /tmp/custom/debian-live/chroot/ konfigurieren ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sudo mount -o bind /sys /tmp/custom/debian-live/chroot/sys&lt;br /&gt;
sudo mount -o bind /proc /tmp/custom/debian-live/chroot/proc&lt;br /&gt;
sudo chroot /tmp/custom/debian-live/chroot/&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Innerhalb des chroot muss das [[network|Netzwerk]] wahrscheinlich zurückgesetzt werden, damit die Routen und das DNS gesetzt werden.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
dhclient eth0&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dies ist nützlich zum Testen und Konfigurieren eines zu deployenden Systems, z.B. [[DebianLive]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Anchor|BuildAChroot}}&lt;br /&gt;
== Bauen eines chroots ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Debootstrap]]  : Installation eines kompletten Debian-Systems innerhalb eines chroots.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Siehe auch ==&lt;br /&gt;
* In der Debian-Referenz finden sich einige [http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/reference/ch09#_chroot_system &amp;quot;chroot&amp;quot; Tipps].&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianInstaller]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Wikipedia [[WikiPedia:Chroot]]&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[:Category:System]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Chroot/es&amp;diff=1644</id>
		<title>Chroot/es</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Chroot/es&amp;diff=1644"/>
		<updated>2026-09-28T16:29:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!-- language: es --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[it:{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- end of language versions --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Warning|This is a launch status check of the wiki migration, you can edit this entry to test things, but it might be deleted at any time, so save it if you want to keep your edits.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Todo lo que chroot hace es, para todos los procesos hijo, reemplazar el directorio raíz con uno especificado.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Levantando una red dentro de un chroot /tmp/custom/debian-live/chroot/ ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# mount -o bind /sys /tmp/personalizado/debian-live/chroot/sys&lt;br /&gt;
# mount -o bind /proc /tmp/personalizado/debian-live/chroot/proc&lt;br /&gt;
# chroot /tmp/personalizado/debian-live/chroot/&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ahora dentro de chroot usted podría necesitar reestablecer la [[es/Network|red]] para que cosas como route/dns puedan configurarse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# dhclient eth0&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Esto es útil para probar y configurar un sistema que está para ser distribuido, p.e.[[es/DebianLive|DebianLive]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Anchor|BuildAChroot}}&lt;br /&gt;
== Construir chroot ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[es/debootstrap|Debootstrap]]  : Crear otro sistema Debian por completo dentro de un chroot.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Ver También ==&lt;br /&gt;
* La Guía de Referencia Debian tiene algunos  [http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/reference/ch09#_chroot_system consejos sobre &amp;quot;chroot&amp;quot;].&lt;br /&gt;
* [[es/DebianInstaller|DebianInstaller]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Wikipedia [[WikiPedia:Chroot]]&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[ToDo]]: [[fr/Chroot|Sync with french version]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[:Category:System]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Chroot/fr&amp;diff=1642</id>
		<title>Chroot/fr</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Chroot/fr&amp;diff=1642"/>
		<updated>2026-09-28T16:29:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
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[[de:{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[es:{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[it:{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- end of language versions --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Warning|This is a launch status check of the wiki migration, you can edit this entry to test things, but it might be deleted at any time, so save it if you want to keep your edits.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[WikiPedia:fr:chroot|chroot]]&#039;&#039;&#039; est une opération sur les systèmes d&#039;exploitation UNIX permettant de changer le répertoire racine apparent d&#039;un processus de la machine hôte et ses processus fils.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
__TOC__&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Installation de base ==&lt;br /&gt;
Construire un « chroot » est très facile sous Debian.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il faut :&lt;br /&gt;
* Installer les paquets nécessaires&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 apt-get install binutils debootstrap&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Choisir un emplacement &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 mkdir -p /srv/chroot/stretch&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Construire le chroot&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vous pouvez soit choisir vous-même un miroir réseau proche, utiliser un miroir basé sur le dns tel que ftp.XX.debian.org où XX est le code géographique de votre pays, ou utiliser deb.debian.org qui fera tout automatiquement à votre place. L&#039;utilisation de deb.debian.org est le plus simple à documenter et devient la méthode préférée en général. C&#039;est par conséquent la méthode recommandée si vous n&#039;avez pas un miroir préféré, local et rapide. Consultez la page [http://deb.debian.org/] pour une documentation détaillée.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 debootstrap --arch i386 stretch /srv/chroot/stretch http://deb.debian.org/debian&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Ca mouline, récupération d&#039;une « image », décompression et installation des paquets nécessaires&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Conseil&#039;&#039;&#039; : &#039;&#039;avant de rentrer dans votre chroot tout neuf et de le modifier, il peut être pertinent d&#039;en effectuer une sauvegarde (une archive .tar.gz par exemple). Le chroot étant souvent destiné à expérimenter, il n&#039;est pas rare de vouloir repartir de zéro après une mauvaise manipulation. Si c&#039;est le cas vous n&#039;aurez alors qu&#039;à désarchiver votre sauvegarde et vous gagnerez du temps.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Pour y entrer (voir ci-dessous pour la configuration qui peut être nécessaire dans le chroot) :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  chroot /srv/chroot/stretch&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{emoji|idea}} Un moyen plus pratique pour entrer dans le chroot est fournit par le paquet [[Schroot|schroot]]. Cette enveloppe permet à des utilisateurs non privilégiés d&#039;accéder à un ou plus environnements chroot. Schroot gère l&#039;appel de chroot(2) à la fois en diminuant les droits dans le chroot et en remontant des ressources dans le chroot (comme les répertoires home, &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/dev&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/sys&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/proc&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== La taille d&#039;un chroot ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L&#039;espace disque nécessaire constaté est le suivant :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Version&#039;&#039;&#039;||&#039;&#039;&#039;Taille&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|slink || 80 Mo (archi i386 ? à confirmer) &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|potato|| 95 Mo (archi i386 ? à confirmer) &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|woody|| 100 Mo (archi i386 ? à confirmer) &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|sarge|| 138 Mo (archi i386 ? à confirmer) &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|squeeze|| 213 Mo (archi amd64) &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | wheezy|| 238 Mo (i386) &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 233 Mo (amd64) &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Configuration ==&lt;br /&gt;
En général, il est nécessaire de créer/modifier des points de configuration essentiels (liste non exhaustive)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Créez un fichier /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d DANS LE CHROOT ainsi dpkg ne lancera pas de démon à moins que vous ne le souhaitiez. Cette exemple évite le démarrage de tous les démons dans le chroot.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
chroot /srv/chroot/stretch&lt;br /&gt;
cat &amp;gt; ./usr/sbin/policy-rc.d &amp;lt;&amp;lt;EOF&lt;br /&gt;
#!/bin/sh&lt;br /&gt;
exit 101&lt;br /&gt;
EOF&lt;br /&gt;
chmod a+x ./usr/sbin/policy-rc.d&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La commande &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ischroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; est boguée et ne détecte pas qu&#039;elle est exécutée dans un chroot ([[DebianBug:685034]]).  Plusieurs paquets dépendent de &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;ischroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; pour déterminer un comportement correct dans un chroot et fonctionneront mal lors d&#039;une mise à jour si ce n&#039;est pas corrigé. La meilleure manière de corriger cela est de remplacer ischroot par la commande /bin/true.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
dpkg-divert --divert /usr/bin/ischroot.debianutils --rename /usr/bin/ischroot&lt;br /&gt;
ln -s /bin/true /usr/bin/ischroot&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La configuration d&#039;un chroot étant relativement statique et très spécifique, on peut éventuellement se dispenser des commandes de «haut-niveau» et modifier directement les fichiers concernés.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* les utilisateurs définis dans le chroot &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  /etc/passwd&lt;br /&gt;
  /etc/group&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* les paramètres de réglages réseaux &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  /etc/hosts&lt;br /&gt;
  /etc/resolv.conf&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* les montages de systèmes de fichiers à partir de l&#039;hôte (PAS dans le chroot)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  /etc/fstab&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Pour éditer l&#039;invite de bash, ajoutez un identifiant à /etc/debian_chroot. Son contenu sera ajouté à $PS1&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Montage des pseudos systèmes de fichiers ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== /proc ===&lt;br /&gt;
* Vérifier dans le système chrooté la présence de /proc sinon le chroot ne risque pas d&#039;être pleinement opérationnel. A priori, le debootstrap depuis la version Debian/Wheezy intègre nativement le montage de /proc et de /sys&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 proc on /proc type proc (rw)&lt;br /&gt;
 sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== /dev/pts ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;D&#039;après [http://lists.debian.org/debian-user-french/2008/05/msg00351.html]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Il est aussi conseillé de faire un &amp;quot;« bind » de /dev/pts. Ceci permet d&#039;éviter les messages d&#039;erreur du type &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;Must be connected to a terminal&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; ou &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;Cannot access &#039;/dev/pts/0&#039;: Aucun fichier ou répertoire de ce type&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; avec l&#039;utilisation de la commande [[DebianPkg:screen]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dans ce cas, sur le système principal, lancer la commande:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 mount --bind /dev/pts /srv/chroot/stretch/dev/pts&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Automatiser les montages ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plus généralement, et pour reprendre ce qui a été vu précédemment, le fichier &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/etc/fstab&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; du système principal pourrait ressembler à ça :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# grep chroot /etc/fstab&lt;br /&gt;
/dev /srv/chroot/stretch/dev auto bind 0 0&lt;br /&gt;
/dev/pts /srv/chroot/stretch/dev/pts auto bind 0 0&lt;br /&gt;
/proc /srv/chroot/stretch/proc auto bind 0 0&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le mount sur le système principal serait :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# mount | grep chroot&lt;br /&gt;
/dev on /srv/chroot/stretch/dev -type none (rw, bind)&lt;br /&gt;
/dev/pts on /srv/chroot/stretch/dev/pts kind none (rw, bind)&lt;br /&gt;
/proc on /srv/chroot/stretch/proc type none (rw, bind)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Ajout/suppression de paquets ==&lt;br /&gt;
* Éliminer les paquets non nécessaires (tout dépend donc de l&#039;objectif du chroot)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
apt-get install deborphan&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
deborphan -a&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Et par exemple&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
apt-get remove --purge telnet manpages pppconfig ipchains ...&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;liste complémentaire&#039;&#039; svgalibg1 whiptail &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Ajouter un peu de confort&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
apt-get install emacs23 local mc&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Utilisations ==&lt;br /&gt;
Plusieurs utilisations sont envisageables, par exemple :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Recompilation d&#039;application dans un contexte autre que la machine qui héberge le chroot ([[fr/Backports|backport]], cross-compilation, ...)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Mise à jour d&#039;un service en production par basculement de l&#039;ancien service (machine hôte) vers le nouveau (installé dans le chroot)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Sécurisation d&#039;un service « chrooté » par rapport à la machine hôte (et vice-versa)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Copier et coller ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ce qui suit permet de &#039;&#039;copier coller&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
D&#039;abord la partie où on définit les variables du shell.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
export MCHRMIRROR=http://deb.debian.org/debian&lt;br /&gt;
export MCHRARCH=i386&lt;br /&gt;
export MCHRREL=buster&lt;br /&gt;
export MCHRDIR=/srv/chroot/${MCHRREL}-${MCHRARCH}&lt;br /&gt;
echo My chroot dir is ${MCHRDIR}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
De là, prudemment les éléments copier coller.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
mkdir -p ${MCHRDIR}&lt;br /&gt;
# l&#039;étape suivante prend plus de temps&lt;br /&gt;
debootstrap --variant=buildd --arch=$MCHRARCH} ${MCHRREL} ${MCHRDIR} ${MCHRMIRROR}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# évite que dpkg ne démarre des démons dans l&#039;environnement chroot&lt;br /&gt;
cat &amp;gt; ${MCHRDIR}/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d &amp;lt;&amp;lt;EOF&lt;br /&gt;
#!/bin/sh&lt;br /&gt;
exit 101&lt;br /&gt;
EOF&lt;br /&gt;
chmod a+x ${MCHRDIR}/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# dans le chroot définissez ischroot comme true&lt;br /&gt;
cp  ${MCHRDIR}/bin/true ${MCHRDIR}/usr/bin/ischroot&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#&lt;br /&gt;
cp /etc/hosts ${MCHRDIR}/etc/hosts&lt;br /&gt;
cp /etc/resolv.conf ${MCHRDIR}/etc/resolv.conf&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# c&#039;est ce qui doit être fait qu&#039;une seule fois&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# des choses à monter, vous en aurez souvent besoin&lt;br /&gt;
mount --bind /dev ${MCHRDIR}/dev&lt;br /&gt;
mount --bind /dev/pts ${MCHRDIR}/dev/pts&lt;br /&gt;
mount --bind /proc  ${MCHRDIR}/proc&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# vous pourriez en avoir besoin (par exemple dans le mode Rescue de l&#039;installateur Debian)&lt;br /&gt;
mount --bind /sys  ${MCHRDIR}/sys&lt;br /&gt;
mount --bind /run  ${MCHRDIR}/run&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Okay&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--  Entrez dans le chroot, quittez-le avec `exit` --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
chroot ${MCHRDIR}&lt;br /&gt;
# profitez de votre nouvel environnement&lt;br /&gt;
# apt install ce que vous voulez&lt;br /&gt;
# faites ce que vous avez en tête&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Démontez&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[ ! -z ${MCHRDIR} ] &amp;amp;&amp;amp; echo my chroot dir is ${MCHRDIR}&lt;br /&gt;
[ ! -z ${MCHRDIR} ] &amp;amp;&amp;amp; umount ${MCHRDIR}/proc&lt;br /&gt;
[ ! -z ${MCHRDIR} ] &amp;amp;&amp;amp; umount ${MCHRDIR}/dev/pts&lt;br /&gt;
[ ! -z ${MCHRDIR} ] &amp;amp;&amp;amp; umount ${MCHRDIR}/dev&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 	&lt;br /&gt;
# si vous les avez montés plus haut&lt;br /&gt;
[ ! -z ${MCHRDIR} ] &amp;amp;&amp;amp; umount ${MCHRDIR}/sys&lt;br /&gt;
[ ! -z ${MCHRDIR} ] &amp;amp;&amp;amp; umount ${MCHRDIR}/run&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Lien externe ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- # broken links --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- # * http://clx.anet.fr/spip/article.php3?id_article=143 - Le chroot « à la main » --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- # * http://trilldev.sourceforge.net/files/remotedeb.html --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.debian-fr.org/installation-chroot-32-bits-transparent-t14673.html] - Installation d&#039;un chroot 32 bits « transparent »&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[:Category:System]] | [[:Category:Virtualization]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Chroot/it&amp;diff=1640</id>
		<title>Chroot/it</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Chroot/it&amp;diff=1640"/>
		<updated>2026-09-28T16:29:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!-- language: it --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- end of language versions --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Warning|This is a launch status check of the wiki migration, you can edit this entry to test things, but it might be deleted at any time, so save it if you want to keep your edits.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[DebianMan:chroot]] è un&#039;utilità che cambia la cartella che viene considerata la radice della gerarchia del file system dai suoi processi figli, in modo che sia impossibile per essi accedere alla cartella superiore rispetto alla nuova radice, anche se esiste fisicamente sul disco.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
__TOC__&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-------&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Casi d&#039;uso comuni =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;L&#039;utilità &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;è pensata principalmente per un uso occasionale, ad-hoc.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Se si passa regolarmente ad un ambiente in &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; e ancor più se se ne usano più di uno, considerare l&#039;uso di &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Schroot]]&#039;&#039;&#039;, che automatizza alcuni compiti e non richiede i privilegi di &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;root&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; per un uso normale.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Passare velocemente ad un altro ambiente (distribuzione, versione, tipo, insieme di pacchetti) a scopo di test, compilazione, debug, ecc.&lt;br /&gt;
* Riparare un sistema corrotto connettendo come unità esterna la sua unità principale (ad esempio usando un case USB) ad un sistema funzionante ed effettuando operazioni dall&#039;interno del sistema in fase di riparazione.&lt;br /&gt;
* Storicamente &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; era anche usato per aumentare la sicurezza di servizi di rete in esecuzione su una data macchina: se un autore di un attacco riusciva a ingannare il servizio facendogli fare un&#039;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrary_code_execution esecuzione di codice arbitrario], non avrebbe comunque avuto accesso all&#039;intero file system della macchina (rimaneva dentro ad una cosiddetta &#039;&#039;prigione chroot (chroot jail)&#039;&#039;). Ciò tuttavia non impedisce all&#039;autore dell&#039;attaco l&#039;uso delle interfacce di rete della macchina per penetrare ulteriormente la rete interna, inoltre in Linux e alcuni altri UNIX, evadere da una &amp;quot;chroot jail&amp;quot; è relativamente facile. Pertanto, per scopi correlati alla sicurezza, &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; è stato rimpiazzato da macchine virtuali e contenitori.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-------&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Configurazione e uso di base =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;A meno che non esplicitamente diversamente detto, tutti i comandi nelle sottosezioni seguenti richiedono i privilegi di &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;root&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Creare o fornire una gerarchia di file di un sistema Linux ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nelle sezioni seguenti &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;${chrootFolder}&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; fa riferimento alla cartella radice di una gerarchia di file creata o fornita come descritto in seguito.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Nel caso di passaggio ad unità connesse esternamente, si tratta di montarle nella cartella di destinazione prescelta.&lt;br /&gt;
* Nel caso si desideri creare una immagine Debian nuova, si possono usare utilità come [[DebianMan:mmdebstrap]], per esempio per creare un ambiente pulito per creare pacchetti deb:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
mmdebstrap --skip=output/dev,output/mknod --variant=buildd \&lt;br /&gt;
    trixie &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}&amp;quot; http://deb.debian.org/debian&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Montare file system virtuali ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alla data del 2026 questi sono &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;proc&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;sysfs&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;udev&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; e i &amp;quot;figli&amp;quot; degli ultimi 2 che sono troppi e che inoltre tendono a nascere e morire troppo di frequente. Fortunatamente [[DebianMan:mount]] ha l&#039;opzione &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--rbind&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; che permette di collegare un file system già montato insieme a tutti i suoi figli, ad una cartella di destinazione aggiuntiva. Naturalmente [[systemd#Known_Issues_and_Workarounds|systemd ha deciso di rendere diffettose alcune funzionalità di base]], perciò è necessario inoltre usare o l&#039;opzione &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--make-rslave&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; o &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--make-rprivate&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; per forzare il comportamento corretto (vedere [[DebianMan:mount_namespaces]] per i dettagli).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
mount -t proc proc &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/proc&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
mount --rbind --make-rslave /sys &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/sys&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
mount --rbind --make-rslave /dev &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/dev&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Nel caso ci si stia interrogando sul fatto che anche &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;proc&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; ha 1 figlio: &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;binfmt_misc&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, che è usato per registrare gestori/interpreti di eseguibili binari, il che non ha senso in una &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; (deve essere fornito il percorso assoluto di un dato interprete, che è inaccessibile da un contesto in &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;), perciò è inutile collegarlo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Copiare la configurazione del risolutore DNS ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
cp /etc/resolv.conf &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/etc/&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Effettuare il passaggio ad una chroot ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ciò solitamente consiste in&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
chroot &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
...che avvia una shell di login interattiva dell&#039;utente &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;root&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; all&#039;interno dell&#039;ambiente in &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, in modo che si possa effettuare in modo interattivo ogni compito sia necessario.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Per i compiti non interattivi, si può fornire invece un comando alternativo e i suo argomenti:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
chroot &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}&amp;quot; /root/myScriptToBeExecutedInChroot.sh myArg1 myArg2&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/root/myScriptToBeExecutedInChroot.sh&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; è un percorso all&#039;interno della gerarchia in &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pulizia ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dopo il termine del processo &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; è necessario scollegare / &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;smontare&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; tutti i file system virtuali collegati/montati in precedenza. Per fortuna &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;umount&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; ha anche un&#039;opzione &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--recursive&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; / &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;-R&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; per aiutare a farlo:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
umount -R &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/dev&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
umount -R &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/sys&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
umount -R &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/proc&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Se &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;${chrootFolder}&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; è un punto di mount di un&#039;unità esterna e si desidera smontare anche quello, si possono sostituire tutti i comandi scritti sopra con solo il seguente comando:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
umount -R &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-------&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Note e scenari aggiuntivi =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Eseguire applicazioni X11 con GUI ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eseguire applicazioni X11 con GUI dall&#039;interno di un ambiente in &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; e visualizzarle sul server X11 dell&#039;host funziona usando i meccanismi standard: basta esportare il valore della variabile d&#039;ambiente &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;DISPLAY&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; dall&#039;host nella &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; e assicurarsi che il server X dell&#039;host permetta tutte le connessioni (per esempio usando l&#039;utilità [[DebianMan:xhost]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Eseguire servizi systemd ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I servizi systemd generalmente si rifiutano di essere eseguiti in un ambiente &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;. Usare [[nspawn|systemd-nspawn]] invece di &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; se si ha necessità di eseguire servizi systemd.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Architetture estranee ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Se è installato [[DebianPkg:qemu-user-binfmt]], è possibile usare &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; per un file system per ogni architettura diversa supportata da esso.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Modificare i dati di avvio ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Se si desidera modificare i dati di avvio di un altro sistema, nella cui unità si è entrati tramite &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; (ciò include, ad esempio, eseguire &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;update-grub&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;update-initramfs&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, installare un nuovo kernel o firmware + moduli del kernel per dispositivi critici per l&#039;avvio, ecc.), è necessario montare la sua gerarchia &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/boot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;. Ciò può includere quanto segue:&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/boot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; stesso è a volte una partizione separata, più comunemente nei sistemi che usano un qualche schema di cifratura del disco.&lt;br /&gt;
* su sistemi UEFI (ciò include la maggior parte dell&#039;hardware x86 e ARM moderno), le loro partizioni ESP sono montate in &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/boot/efi&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Solitamente è più comodo montare questi file system subito dopo aver fatto il passaggio ad una &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dopo il passaggio ad una &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, verificare quali file system sono presenti eseguendo &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;grep /boot /etc/fstab&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;. Quello sottostante è un esempio di output da un sistema con entrambe le voci &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/boot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; e &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/boot/efi&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
UUID=7a307683-255a-4bac-937f-95aa2af2ca17  /boot      ext4  defaults    0  2&lt;br /&gt;
UUID=4D18-6163                             /boot/efi  vfat  umask=0077  0  1&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Se le voci &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/etc/fstab&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; usano UUID, come nell&#039;esempio soprastante, (che è il comportamento predefinito nella maggior parte delle distribuzioni moderne) o &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;PARTLABEL&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; o &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;LABEL&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; univoche, allora tutto ciò che è necessario fare è puntare &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;mount&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; ai loro punti di mount corrispondenti:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
mount /boot&lt;br /&gt;
mount /boot/efi&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Su alcuni sistemi più vecchi, invece di UUID o etichette, possono essere usati i nodi di device in &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/etc/fstab&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, come ad esempio &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/dev/sdaX&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, ecc. In questi casi è necessario capire quale nodo di device corrisponde ad un determinato file system. Nel caso più comune è un&#039;altra partizione sulla stessa unità fisica del file system radice di tale sistema esterno.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dopo che si è finito di lavorare in &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, questi file system possono essere smontati o dall&#039;interno della &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; o dopo essere usciti.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[:Category:System]] | [[:Category:Virtualization]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Chroot&amp;diff=1638</id>
		<title>Chroot</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Chroot&amp;diff=1638"/>
		<updated>2026-09-28T16:28:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!-- language en --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- pragma supplementation-page on --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- #For Translators - to have a constantly up to date translation header in you page, you can just add a line like the following (with the comment&#039;s character at the start of the line removed) --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- #&amp;lt;&amp;lt;Include(chroot, ,from=&amp;quot;^##TAG:TRANSLATION-HEADER-START&amp;quot;,to=&amp;quot;^##TAG:TRANSLATION-HEADER-END&amp;quot;)&amp;gt;&amp;gt; --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- #TAG:TRANSLATION-HEADER-START --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;[[DebianWiki/EditorGuide#translation|Translation(s)]]: [[de/chroot|Deutsch]]&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;- [[chroot|English]]&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;- [[es/chroot|Español]]&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;- [[fr/Chroot|Français]]&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;- [[it/chroot|Italiano]]&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- #TAG:TRANSLATION-HEADER-END --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[DebianMan:chroot]] is an utility that changes which folder is considered the root of the filesystem hierarchy by its child processes, so that it is impossible for them to access the parent folder of the new root, even though it physically exists on the disk.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
__TOC__&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-------&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Common use-cases =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;utility is intended mostly for an occasional, ad-hoc usage.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you regularly need different environments, then consider a container runtime like &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;podman&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; instead.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Fast switching to another environment (distro, version, flavor, package mix etc) for the purposes of testing, building, debugging etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* Repairing a broken Linux installation by connecting its primary drive as an external device (for example using an USB enclosure) to some other working system and performing operations from within the system being repaired.&lt;br /&gt;
* Historically &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; was also used to increase the security of network services running on a given machine: if an attacker managed to trick a service to an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrary_code_execution arbitrary code execution], he would still not have access to the whole filesystem of the machine (he would remain in a so called &#039;&#039;chroot jail&#039;&#039;). This however does not prevent the attacker from using the machine&#039;s network interfaces to further penetrate the internal network, moreover on Linux and some other UNIXes, escaping a &amp;quot;chroot jail&amp;quot; is relatively easy. As a result, for security-related purposes &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; was replaced by virtual machines and containers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-------&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Basic setup and usage =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Unless explicitly stated otherwise, all commands in the below subsections require &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;root&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;privileges.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Create or provide a file hierarchy of a Linux system ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the subsequent sections, &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;${chrootFolder}&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; will refer to the root folder of a file hierarchy created or provided as described below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* In case of switching to existing installations, it boils down to mounting their root filesystem at a target folder of your choice.&lt;br /&gt;
* In case you want to create a fresh Debian image, you can use utilities such as [[DebianMan:mmdebstrap]], for example to create a clean environment to build deb packages:&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
mmdebstrap --skip=output/dev,output/mknod --variant=buildd \&lt;br /&gt;
    trixie &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}&amp;quot; http://deb.debian.org/debian&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Mount virtual filesystems ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As of 2026 these are &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;proc&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;sysfs&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;udev&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; and &amp;quot;children&amp;quot; of the latter 2 of which there are too many and which also tend to die off or spawn way too often. Fortunately, [[DebianMan:mount]] has &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--rbind&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; option that allows to bind an already mounted filesystem together with all its children to an additional target folder. You need to use either &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--make-rslave&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; or &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--make-rprivate&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; flag too (see [[DebianMan:mount_namespaces]] for details).&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
mount -t proc proc &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/proc&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
mount --rbind --make-rslave /sys &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/sys&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
mount --rbind --make-rslave /dev &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/dev&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In case you are wondering: &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;proc&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; has 1 child also: &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;binfmt_misc&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, which is used for registering binary executable handlers/interpreters, which does not make sense in a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; (the absolute path of a given interpreter needs to be provided, which is inaccessible from a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;-ed context), therefore no point in binding it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Copy the DNS resolver config ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
cp /etc/resolv.conf &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/etc/&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Perform a chroot switch ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This usually boils down to&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
chroot &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
...which will start an interactive login shell of &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;root&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; user inside the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;-ed environment, so that you can interactively perform whatever tasks you need.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For non-interactive tasks, you can instead provide an alternative command and its args:&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
chroot &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}&amp;quot; /root/myScriptToBeExecutedInChroot.sh myArg1 myArg2&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/root/myScriptToBeExecutedInChroot.sh&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; is a path inside the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;-ed hierarchy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Cleanup ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; process exits, you need to unbind / &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;umount&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; all the virtual filesystems bound / mounted previously. Fortunately &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;umount&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; also has &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--recursive&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; / &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;-R&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; flag to help with this:&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
umount -R &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/dev&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
umount -R &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/sys&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
umount -R &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}/proc&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
If &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;${chrootFolder}&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; is a mount point of an external drive and you want to &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;umount&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; it also, you can replace all the above commands with the below single one:&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
umount -R &amp;quot;${chrootFolder}&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-------&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Additional notes and scenarios =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Running X11 GUI apps ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Running X11 GUI apps from within a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;-ed environment and displaying them on host&#039;s X11 server works using standard mechanisms: just export the value of &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;DISPLAY&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; env var from the host in the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; and make sure the host X server will allow connections (for example using [[DebianMan:xhost]] utility).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Running Systemd services ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Systemd services will generally refuse to run in a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;-ed environment. Use [[nspawn|systemd-nspawn]] instead of &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; if you need to run Systemd services.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Foreign architectures ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If [[DebianPkg:qemu-user-binfmt]] is installed, it is possible to &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; to a filesystem for any foreign arch it supports.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Modifying boot data ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you want to modify the boot data of another system whose drive you &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;-ed into (this includes for example running &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;update-grub&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;update-initramfs&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, installing a new kernel or firmware + kernel modules for boot-critical devices etc), you need to mount its &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/boot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; hierarchy. This may include the following:&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/boot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; itself is sometimes a separate partition, most commonly on systems using some disk encryption scheme.&lt;br /&gt;
* On UEFI systems (which includes most of modern x86 and ARM hardware), their ESP partitions are mounted at &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/boot/efi&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is usually most convenient to mount these filesystems right after performing a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; switch.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After performing a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; switch, check which filesystem are present by running &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;grep /boot /etc/fstab&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;. Below is an example output from a system with both &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/boot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/boot/efi&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; entries:&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
UUID=7a307683-255a-4bac-937f-95aa2af2ca17  /boot      ext4  defaults    0  2&lt;br /&gt;
UUID=4D18-6163                             /boot/efi  vfat  umask=0077  0  1&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
If &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/etc/fstab&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; entries use UUIDs as in the example above (which is the default on most modern distros) or unique &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;PARTLABEL&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;s or &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;LABEL&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;s, then all you need to do is to point &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;mount&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; to their corresponding mount-points:&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
mount /boot&lt;br /&gt;
mount /boot/efi&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
On some older systems, instead of UUIDs or labels, device nodes may be used in &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/etc/fstab&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, like for example &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/dev/sdaX&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; etc. In such case you need to figure out what device node currently corresponds to a given filesystem. Most commonly, it will be another partition on the same physical drive as the root filesystem of that external system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After you are done with your &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; work, these filesystems may be &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;umount&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;-ed either from within the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;chroot&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; or after exiting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[:Category:System]] | [[:Category:Virtualization]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=InterwikiTestTable&amp;diff=1636</id>
		<title>InterwikiTestTable</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=InterwikiTestTable&amp;diff=1636"/>
		<updated>2026-09-18T14:40:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;= Testing all interwiki links =&lt;br /&gt;
= Debian Specials =&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Interwiki!!Comment&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[aliothlist:Freedombox-discuss]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[aliothproject:adduser]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Alioth.debian.org/projects/ no longer exists, redirect to archive&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debian:DebianReleases]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianbtsudduser:zeha@debian.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianbug:1051382]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianirc:#debian-wiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianlist:debian-wiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianmachine:mozart]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianman:cat]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianpackage:mediawiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianpkg:lua]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianpkgshots:vistrails]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianpts:mediawiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianwebirc:#debian-wiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianwiki:DebianWiki/Revamp]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debpkg:emacs]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[gnewsensebug:awk]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[launchpadbug:1]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[meatball:CamelCase]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ubuntubug:1]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ubuntuwiki:Debian/Bugs]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[messageid:20050606213954.GC884@finlandia.infodrom.north.de]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[mid:20050606213954.GC884@finlandia.infodrom.north.de]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
== Mediawiki builtins ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Interwiki!!Comment&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[acronym:FBI]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[arxiv:1403.7484]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[commons:File:A_black_and_white_photo_of_SU_Persei.png]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[dictionary:programming]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2014.08.030]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[emacswiki:LearnEmacsLisp]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[foldoc:fortran]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[freebsdman:netcat]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[google:Debian]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[googlegroups:debian]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[imdb:tt0068646|The Godfather]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[mediawikiwiki:Help:Wikitext_examples]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[metawikimedia:Wikimedia_News]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[mozillawiki:MozillaWiki:Policies]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[mw:Help:Wikitext_examples]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[pmid:26280334]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[uncyclopedia:Toilet_Paper_Riot]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikibooks:LaTeX]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikidata:Q55966784|The Debian Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikihow:Install-Linux]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikipedia:London]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikiquote:Aristotle]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikisource:The_Strand_Magazine/Volume_22/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles/Chapter_1]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikispecies:Capparis_spinosa]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikiversity:Portal:Medicine]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikivoyage:Hormuz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikiwikiweb:WikiSquatting]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikt:transclusion]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wiktionary:algorithm]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=InterwikiTestTable&amp;diff=1635</id>
		<title>InterwikiTestTable</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=InterwikiTestTable&amp;diff=1635"/>
		<updated>2026-09-18T12:16:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: /* Mediawiki builtins */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;= Testing all interwiki links =&lt;br /&gt;
= Debian Specials =&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Interwiki!!Delete?!!Comment&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[aliothlist:Freedombox-discuss]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[aliothproject:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Does not work, alioth is no longer on line&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debian:DebianReleases]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianbtsudduser:zeha@debian.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianbtsuser:someuser]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Is this working? i don&#039;t see &#039;users&#039; as a search option&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianbug:1051382]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debiangit:wikiteam]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;No longer works, replace with salsa&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianirc:#debian-wiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;?&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianlist:debian-wiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianmachine:mozart]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianman:cat]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianpackage:mediawiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianpkg:lua]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, same as above&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianpkgshots:vistrails]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianpts:mediawiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianwebirc:#debian-wiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;?&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianwiki:DebianWiki/Revamp]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debpkg:emacs]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[gnewsensebug:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[gnewsensewiki:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Doesn&#039;t work, link is dead&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[launchpadbug:+1]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Should probably be modified&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[tailsbug:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Somethings is not right with this site, getting security warning&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[tailstodo:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Somethings is not right with this site, getting security warning&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ubuntubug:+1]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works but should probably be modified so the + is in the template&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ubuntuwiki:Debian/Bugs]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
== Mediawiki builtins ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Interwiki!!Delete?!!Comment&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[acronym:FBI]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[arxiv:1403.7484]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[c2:AntiSpamBot]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works but what a terrible site&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[commons:File:A_black_and_white_photo_of_SU_Persei.png]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[dictionary:programming]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2014.08.030]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[elibre:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Unresponsive&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[emacswiki:LearnEmacsLisp]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[fandom:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Uncertain what this is supposed to do&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[foldoc:fortran]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[freebsdman:netcat]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[google:Debian]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[googlegroups:debian]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[hammondwiki:ToneGenerator]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, not sure if we need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[hrwiki:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Appears to be dead&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[imdb:tt0068646|The Godfather]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works too&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[lojban:Lojban_Wave_Lessons]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, not sure if we need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[meatball:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Appears to be dead&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[mediawikiwiki:Help:Wikitext_examples]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[memoryalpha:Narutopedia]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, not sure if we need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[metawikimedia:Wikimedia_News]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[mozillawiki:MozillaWiki:Policies]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[mw:Help:Wikitext_examples]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[oeis:search?q=1%2C2%2C3%2C5%2C8&amp;amp;go=Search]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Does not work&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[pmid:26280334]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[pythoninfo:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Does not work&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[rfc:draft-ietf-calext-icalendar-jscalendar-extensions]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Does not work&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[senseislibrary:PagesForBeginners]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, but do we need it?&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[shoutwiki:ShoutWiki_features]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, but do we need it?&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[theopedia:genesis]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works but we don&#039;t need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[tmbw:Shows/2013-06-12]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works but we don&#039;t need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[twiki:TWiki06x01/WelcomeGuest]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, but we don&#039;t need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[uncyclopedia:Toilet_Paper_Riot]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[usemod:UseModWiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, but we probably don&#039;t need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikia:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Not working&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikibooks:LaTeX]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikidata:Q55966784|The Debian Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikihow:Install-Linux]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikimedia:Home]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, but we don&#039;t need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikinews:Wikimedia_Foundation_closes_Wikinews_after_21_years]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works but closes&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikipedia:London]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikiquote:Aristotle]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikisource:The_Strand_Magazine/Volume_22/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles/Chapter_1]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikispecies:Capparis_spinosa]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikiversity:Portal:Medicine]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikivoyage:Hormuz]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikiwikiweb:WikiSquatting]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikt:transclusion]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wiktionary:algorithm]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Interwiki links to be deleted =&lt;br /&gt;
* c2&lt;br /&gt;
* fandom&lt;br /&gt;
* gnewsensewiki&lt;br /&gt;
* hammondwiki&lt;br /&gt;
* hrwiki&lt;br /&gt;
* lojban&lt;br /&gt;
* meatball&lt;br /&gt;
* memoryalpha&lt;br /&gt;
* oeis&lt;br /&gt;
* pmid&lt;br /&gt;
* pythoninfo&lt;br /&gt;
* rfc&lt;br /&gt;
* senseislibrary&lt;br /&gt;
* shoutwiki&lt;br /&gt;
* tailsbug&lt;br /&gt;
* tailstodo&lt;br /&gt;
* theopedia&lt;br /&gt;
* tmbw&lt;br /&gt;
* twiki&lt;br /&gt;
* usemod&lt;br /&gt;
* wikia&lt;br /&gt;
* wikimedia&lt;br /&gt;
* wikinews&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=InterwikiTestTable&amp;diff=1634</id>
		<title>InterwikiTestTable</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=InterwikiTestTable&amp;diff=1634"/>
		<updated>2026-09-18T10:12:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: Some interwiki items switched category&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;= Testing all interwiki links =&lt;br /&gt;
= Debian Specials =&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Interwiki!!Delete?!!Comment&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[aliothlist:Freedombox-discuss]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[aliothproject:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Does not work, alioth is no longer on line&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debian:DebianReleases]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianbtsudduser:zeha@debian.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianbtsuser:someuser]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Is this working? i don&#039;t see &#039;users&#039; as a search option&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianbug:1051382]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debiangit:wikiteam]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;No longer works, replace with salsa&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianirc:#debian-wiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;?&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianlist:debian-wiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianmachine:mozart]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianman:cat]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianpackage:mediawiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianpkg:lua]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, same as above&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianpkgshots:vistrails]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianpts:mediawiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianwebirc:#debian-wiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;?&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianwiki:DebianWiki/Revamp]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debpkg:emacs]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[gnewsensebug:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[gnewsensewiki:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Doesn&#039;t work, link is dead&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[launchpadbug:+1]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Should probably be modified&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[tailsbug:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Somethings is not right with this site, getting security warning&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[tailstodo:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Somethings is not right with this site, getting security warning&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ubuntubug:+1]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works but should probably be modified so the + is in the template&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ubuntuwiki:Debian/Bugs]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
== Mediawiki builtins ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Interwiki!!Delete?!!Comment&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[acronym:FBI]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[arxiv:1403.7484]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[c2:AntiSpamBot]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works but what a terrible site&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[commons:File:A_black_and_white_photo_of_SU_Persei.png]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[dictionary:programming]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2014.08.030]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[elibre:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Unresponsive&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[emacswiki:LearnEmacsLisp]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[fandom:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Uncertain what this is supposed to do&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[foldoc:fortran]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[freebsdman:netcat]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[google:Debian]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[googlegroups:debian]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[hammondwiki:ToneGenerator]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, not sure if we need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[hrwiki:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Appears to be dead&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[imdb:tt0068646|The Godfather]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works too&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[lojban:Lojban_Wave_Lessons]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, not sure if we need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[meatball:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Appears to be dead&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[mediawikiwiki:Help:Wikitext_examples]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[memoryalpha:Narutopedia]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, not sure if we need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[metawikimedia:Wikimedia_News]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[mozillawiki:MozillaWiki:Policies]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[mw:Help:Wikitext_examples]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[oeis:search?q=1%2C2%2C3%2C5%2C8&amp;amp;go=Search]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Does not work&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[pmid:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Could probably be made to work but i don&#039;t think we need pubmed&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[pythoninfo:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Does not work&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[rfc:draft-ietf-calext-icalendar-jscalendar-extensions]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Does not work&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[senseislibrary:PagesForBeginners]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, but do we need it?&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[shoutwiki:ShoutWiki_features]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, but do we need it?&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[theopedia:genesis]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works but we don&#039;t need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[tmbw:Shows/2013-06-12]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works but we don&#039;t need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[twiki:TWiki06x01/WelcomeGuest]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, but we don&#039;t need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[uncyclopedia:Toilet_Paper_Riot]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[usemod:UseModWiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, but we probably don&#039;t need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikia:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Not working&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikibooks:LaTeX]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikidata:Q55966784|The Debian Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikihow:Install-Linux]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikimedia:Home]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, but we don&#039;t need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikinews:Wikimedia_Foundation_closes_Wikinews_after_21_years]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works but closes&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikipedia:London]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikiquote:Aristotle]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikisource:The_Strand_Magazine/Volume_22/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles/Chapter_1]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikispecies:Capparis_spinosa]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikiversity:Portal:Medicine]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikivoyage:Hormuz]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikiwikiweb:WikiSquatting]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikt:transclusion]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wiktionary:algorithm]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
= Interwiki links to be deleted =&lt;br /&gt;
* c2&lt;br /&gt;
* fandom&lt;br /&gt;
* gnewsensewiki&lt;br /&gt;
* hammondwiki&lt;br /&gt;
* hrwiki&lt;br /&gt;
* lojban&lt;br /&gt;
* meatball&lt;br /&gt;
* memoryalpha&lt;br /&gt;
* oeis&lt;br /&gt;
* pmid&lt;br /&gt;
* pythoninfo&lt;br /&gt;
* rfc&lt;br /&gt;
* senseislibrary&lt;br /&gt;
* shoutwiki&lt;br /&gt;
* tailsbug&lt;br /&gt;
* tailstodo&lt;br /&gt;
* theopedia&lt;br /&gt;
* tmbw&lt;br /&gt;
* twiki&lt;br /&gt;
* usemod&lt;br /&gt;
* wikia&lt;br /&gt;
* wikimedia&lt;br /&gt;
* wikinews&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=InterwikiTestTable&amp;diff=1633</id>
		<title>InterwikiTestTable</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=InterwikiTestTable&amp;diff=1633"/>
		<updated>2026-09-18T04:40:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: Created page with &amp;quot;= Testing all interwiki links = = Debian Specials = {| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; !Interwiki!!Delete?!!Comment |- | aliothlist:Freedombox-discuss | False |&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; |- | aliothproject:something | True |&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Does not work, alioth is no longer on line&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; |- | debian:DebianReleases | False |&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; |- | debianbtsudduser:zeha@debian.org | False |&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; |- | debianbtsuser:someuser | False |&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Is this working? i don&amp;#039;t see &amp;#039;users&amp;#039; as a search option&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;= Testing all interwiki links =&lt;br /&gt;
= Debian Specials =&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Interwiki!!Delete?!!Comment&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[aliothlist:Freedombox-discuss]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[aliothproject:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Does not work, alioth is no longer on line&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debian:DebianReleases]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianbtsudduser:zeha@debian.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianbtsuser:someuser]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Is this working? i don&#039;t see &#039;users&#039; as a search option&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianbug:1051382]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debiangit:wikiteam]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;No longer works, replace with salsa&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianirc:#debian-wiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;?&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianlist:debian-wiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianmachine:mozart]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianman:cat]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianpackage:mediawiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianpkg:lua]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, same as above&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianpkgshots:vistrails]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianpts:mediawiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianwebirc:#debian-wiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;?&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debianwiki:DebianWiki/Revamp]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[debpkg:emacs]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[freebsdman:netcat]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[launchpadbug:+1]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Should probably be modified&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ubuntubug:+1]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works but should probably be modified so the + is in the template&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ubuntuwiki:Debian/Bugs]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
== Mediawiki builtins ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Interwiki!!Delete?!!Comment&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[acronym:FBI]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[arxiv:1403.7484]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[c2:AntiSpamBot]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works but what a terrible site&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[commons:File:A_black_and_white_photo_of_SU_Persei.png]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[dictionary:programming]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2014.08.030]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[elibre:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Unresponsive&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[emacswiki:LearnEmacsLisp]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[fandom:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Uncertain what this is supposed to do&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[foldoc:fortran]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[gnewsensebug:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[gnewsensewiki:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Doesn&#039;t work, link is dead&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[google:Debian]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[googlegroups:debian]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[hammondwiki:ToneGenerator]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, not sure if we need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[hrwiki:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Appears to be dead&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[imdb:tt0068646|The Godfather]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works too&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[lojban:Lojban_Wave_Lessons]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, not sure if we need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[meatball:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Appears to be dead&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[mediawikiwiki:Help:Wikitext_examples]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[memoryalpha:Narutopedia]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, not sure if we need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[metawikimedia:Wikimedia_News]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[mozillawiki:MozillaWiki:Policies]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[mw:Help:Wikitext_examples]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[oeis:search?q=1%2C2%2C3%2C5%2C8&amp;amp;go=Search]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Does not work&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[pmid:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Could probably be made to work but i don&#039;t think we need pubmed&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[pythoninfo:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Does not work&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[rfc:draft-ietf-calext-icalendar-jscalendar-extensions]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Does not work&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[senseislibrary:PagesForBeginners]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, but do we need it?&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[shoutwiki:ShoutWiki_features]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, but do we need it?&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[tailsbug:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Somethings is not right with this site, getting security warning&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[tailstodo:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Somethings is not right with this site, getting security warning&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[theopedia:genesis]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works but we don&#039;t need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[tmbw:Shows/2013-06-12]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works but we don&#039;t need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[twiki:TWiki06x01/WelcomeGuest]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, but we don&#039;t need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[uncyclopedia:Toilet_Paper_Riot]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[usemod:UseModWiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, but we probably don&#039;t need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikia:something]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Not working&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikibooks:LaTeX]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikidata:Q55966784|The Debian Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikihow:Install-Linux]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikimedia:Home]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works, but we don&#039;t need it&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikinews:Wikimedia_Foundation_closes_Wikinews_after_21_years]]&lt;br /&gt;
| True&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works but closes&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikipedia:London]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikiquote:Aristotle]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikisource:The_Strand_Magazine/Volume_22/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles/Chapter_1]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikispecies:Capparis_spinosa]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikiversity:Portal:Medicine]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikivoyage:Hormuz]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikiwikiweb:WikiSquatting]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikt:transclusion]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wiktionary:algorithm]]&lt;br /&gt;
| False&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Works&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Interwiki links to be deleted =&lt;br /&gt;
* aliothproject&lt;br /&gt;
* c2&lt;br /&gt;
* fandom&lt;br /&gt;
* gnewsensewiki&lt;br /&gt;
* hammondwiki&lt;br /&gt;
* hrwiki&lt;br /&gt;
* lojban&lt;br /&gt;
* meatball&lt;br /&gt;
* memoryalpha&lt;br /&gt;
* oeis&lt;br /&gt;
* pmid&lt;br /&gt;
* pythoninfo&lt;br /&gt;
* rfc&lt;br /&gt;
* senseislibrary&lt;br /&gt;
* shoutwiki&lt;br /&gt;
* tailsbug&lt;br /&gt;
* tailstodo&lt;br /&gt;
* theopedia&lt;br /&gt;
* tmbw&lt;br /&gt;
* twiki&lt;br /&gt;
* usemod&lt;br /&gt;
* wikia&lt;br /&gt;
* wikimedia&lt;br /&gt;
* wikinews&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&amp;diff=1632</id>
		<title>MediaWiki:Common.css</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&amp;diff=1632"/>
		<updated>2026-09-16T21:00:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:root {&lt;br /&gt;
    --debian-red-color:#d70a53;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    --debwiki-note-background-color:light-dark(aliceblue,darkslateblue);&lt;br /&gt;
    --debwiki-note-border-color:steelblue;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    --debwiki-warning-background-color:light-dark(mistyrose,darkslategray);&lt;br /&gt;
    --debwiki-warning-border-color:var(--debian-red-color);&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    --debwiki-tip-background-color:light-dark(honeydew,darkslategray);&lt;br /&gt;
    --debwiki-tip-border-color:limegreen;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    --debwiki-highlight-background-color:light-dark(lemonchiffon,darkslategray);&lt;br /&gt;
    --debwiki-highlight-border-color:gold;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
div.debwiki-box {&lt;br /&gt;
    margin: 0.5em 0;&lt;br /&gt;
    padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 40px;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, gainsboro);&lt;br /&gt;
    border-left-width:0.25rem;&lt;br /&gt;
    border-radius: 5px;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    overflow: hidden;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    background-color: var(--background-color-base, white);&lt;br /&gt;
    color: var(--color-base, darkslategray);&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
div.debwiki-box.debwiki-box-note {&lt;br /&gt;
  background-color:var(--debwiki-note-background-color);&lt;br /&gt;
  border-color:var(--debwiki-note-border-color)&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
div.debwiki-box.debwiki-box-warning {&lt;br /&gt;
  background-color:var(--debwiki-warning-background-color);&lt;br /&gt;
  border-color:var(--debwiki-warning-border-color)&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
div.debwiki-box.debwiki-box-tip {&lt;br /&gt;
  background-color:var(--debwiki-tip-background-color);&lt;br /&gt;
  border-color:var(--debwiki-tip-border-color)&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
div.debwiki-box.debwiki-box-highlight {&lt;br /&gt;
  background-color:var(--debwiki-highlight-background-color);&lt;br /&gt;
  border-color:var(--debwiki-highlight-border-color)&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/* Table utility classes */&lt;br /&gt;
table.col-1-center td:nth-child(1) { text-align: center; }&lt;br /&gt;
table.col-2-center td:nth-child(2) { text-align: center; }&lt;br /&gt;
table.col-3-center td:nth-child(3) { text-align: center; }&lt;br /&gt;
table.col-4-center td:nth-child(4) { text-align: center; }&lt;br /&gt;
table.col-5-center td:nth-child(5) { text-align: center; }&lt;br /&gt;
table.col-6-center td:nth-child(6) { text-align: center; }&lt;br /&gt;
table.col-7-center td:nth-child(7) { text-align: center; }&lt;br /&gt;
table.col-8-center td:nth-child(8) { text-align: center; }&lt;br /&gt;
table.col-9-center td:nth-child(9) { text-align: center; }&lt;br /&gt;
table.col-1-right td:nth-child(1) { text-align: right; }&lt;br /&gt;
table.col-2-right td:nth-child(2) { text-align: right; }&lt;br /&gt;
table.col-3-right td:nth-child(3) { text-align: right; }&lt;br /&gt;
table.col-4-right td:nth-child(4) { text-align: right; }&lt;br /&gt;
table.col-5-right td:nth-child(5) { text-align: right; }&lt;br /&gt;
table.col-6-right td:nth-child(6) { text-align: right; }&lt;br /&gt;
table.col-7-right td:nth-child(7) { text-align: right; }&lt;br /&gt;
table.col-8-right td:nth-child(8) { text-align: right; }&lt;br /&gt;
table.col-9-right td:nth-child(9) { text-align: right; }&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=1631</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=1631"/>
		<updated>2026-09-16T20:58:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!-- This box works, but the Template doesn&#039;t probably because Scribunto isn&#039;t enabled on this server /mok0 --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Warning|&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;WARNING: content on &#039;&#039;this&#039;&#039; wiki might be wiped without notice! (read on)&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;wiki.debian.org is still the live Debian Wiki service: please continue using it.&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This [https://www.mediawiki.org MediaWiki] install is intended to eventually replace the current MoinMoin-based wiki running on [https://wiki.debian.org/ wiki.debian.org] as a support and documentation resource for the [https://www.debian.org Debian project]. &#039;&#039;This has not yet happened&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The project is in very early stages. You can get involved! Discussion happens on the [https://lists.debian.org/debian-wiki/ debian-wiki mailing list] and the {{DebianIRC|debian-wiki}} channel on the OFTC IRC network. The current state and summary should be recorded on the live wiki&#039;s [https://wiki.debian.org/DebianWiki/WikiRevamp WikiRevamp page].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For examples of ideas we&#039;re working on, see [[Category:WikiDev]].&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=1630</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=1630"/>
		<updated>2026-09-16T20:57:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!-- This box works, but the Template doesn&#039;t probably because Scribunto isn&#039;t enabled on this server /mok0 --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Warning|&#039;&#039;&#039;WARNING: content on &#039;&#039;this&#039;&#039; wiki might be wiped without notice! (read on)&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;wiki.debian.org is still the live Debian Wiki service: please continue using it.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This [https://www.mediawiki.org MediaWiki] install is intended to eventually replace the current MoinMoin-based wiki running on [https://wiki.debian.org/ wiki.debian.org] as a support and documentation resource for the [https://www.debian.org Debian project]. &#039;&#039;This has not yet happened&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The project is in very early stages. You can get involved! Discussion happens on the [https://lists.debian.org/debian-wiki/ debian-wiki mailing list] and the {{DebianIRC|debian-wiki}} channel on the OFTC IRC network. The current state and summary should be recorded on the live wiki&#039;s [https://wiki.debian.org/DebianWiki/WikiRevamp WikiRevamp page].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For examples of ideas we&#039;re working on, see [[Category:WikiDev]].&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Sandbox&amp;diff=1629</id>
		<title>Sandbox</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Sandbox&amp;diff=1629"/>
		<updated>2026-09-16T20:54:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;= test page =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 {{#invoke:LuaTest1|genFive}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Test&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DebianVersion|stable}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DebianBug|123456}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Sandbox&amp;diff=1628</id>
		<title>Sandbox</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Sandbox&amp;diff=1628"/>
		<updated>2026-09-16T20:52:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;= test page =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 {{#invoke:LuaTest1|genFive}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Test&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DebianVersion|stable}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Sandbox&amp;diff=1627</id>
		<title>Sandbox</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Sandbox&amp;diff=1627"/>
		<updated>2026-09-16T20:50:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;= test page =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 {{#invoke:LuaTest1|genFive}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Test&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Does it work&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Sandbox&amp;diff=1625</id>
		<title>Sandbox</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Sandbox&amp;diff=1625"/>
		<updated>2026-09-15T12:52:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;= test page =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 {{#invoke:LuaTest1|genFive}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Module:LuaTest1&amp;diff=1624</id>
		<title>Module:LuaTest1</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Module:LuaTest1&amp;diff=1624"/>
		<updated>2026-09-15T11:43:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;local p = {}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
function p.genFive()&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   local takeFive = &#039;;Generator of five numbers\n&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
   local tabFive = {&amp;quot;:Take five:&amp;quot;}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   for idx = 1, 5 do&lt;br /&gt;
      table.insert(tabFive, idx)&lt;br /&gt;
   end&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   return takeFive .. table.concat(tabFive, &amp;quot; &amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
end&lt;br /&gt;
return p&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=1622</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=1622"/>
		<updated>2026-09-14T22:31:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!-- This box works, but the Template doesn&#039;t probably because Scribunto isn&#039;t enabled on this server /mok0 --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;debwiki-box debwiki-box-warning&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;WARNING: content on &#039;&#039;this&#039;&#039; wiki might be wiped without notice! (read on)&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;wiki.debian.org is still the live Debian Wiki service: please continue using it.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This [https://www.mediawiki.org MediaWiki] install is intended to eventually replace the current MoinMoin-based wiki running on [https://wiki.debian.org/ wiki.debian.org] as a support and documentation resource for the [https://www.debian.org Debian project]. &#039;&#039;This has not yet happened&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The project is in very early stages. You can get involved! Discussion happens on the [https://lists.debian.org/debian-wiki/ debian-wiki mailing list] and the {{DebianIRC|debian-wiki}} channel on the OFTC IRC network. The current state and summary should be recorded on the live wiki&#039;s [https://wiki.debian.org/DebianWiki/WikiRevamp WikiRevamp page].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For examples of ideas we&#039;re working on, see [[Category:WikiDev]].&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Template:Warning&amp;diff=1621</id>
		<title>Template:Warning</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Template:Warning&amp;diff=1621"/>
		<updated>2026-09-14T22:25:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A &amp;quot;Warning&amp;quot; box is used to warn the user about potentially bad situations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Usage ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Warning|Don&#039;t do this on your main system.}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Example ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Warning|Don&#039;t do this on your main system.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{#invoke:DebianBox|makeBox|type=Warning|text={{{1}}} }}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Template:Tip&amp;diff=1619</id>
		<title>Template:Tip</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Template:Tip&amp;diff=1619"/>
		<updated>2026-09-14T22:25:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A &amp;quot;Tip&amp;quot; box is used to give the user a useful tip.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Usage ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Tip|Install Meld for a graphical representation of diffs.}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Example ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Tip|Install Meld for a graphical representation of diffs.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{#invoke:DebianBox|makeBox|type=Tip|text={{{1}}} }}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Template:Note&amp;diff=1617</id>
		<title>Template:Note</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Template:Note&amp;diff=1617"/>
		<updated>2026-09-14T22:25:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A &amp;quot;Note&amp;quot; box used to emphasize important information.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Usage ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Note|When you update Debian you may have to reboot.}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Example ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Note|When you update Debian you may have to reboot.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{#invoke:DebianBox|makeBox|type=Note|text={{{1}}} }}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Template:Info&amp;diff=1615</id>
		<title>Template:Info</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Template:Info&amp;diff=1615"/>
		<updated>2026-09-14T22:25:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A &amp;quot;Note&amp;quot; box is used to warn the user about potentially bad situations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Usage ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Note|The following steps requires &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;build-essentials&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; to be installed.}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Example ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Note|The following steps requires &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;build-essentials&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; to be installed.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{#invoke:DebianBox|makeBox|type=Note|text={{{1}}} }}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Template:Highlight&amp;diff=1613</id>
		<title>Template:Highlight</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Template:Highlight&amp;diff=1613"/>
		<updated>2026-09-14T22:25:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A &amp;quot;Highlight&amp;quot; box is used to emphasize something of importance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Usage ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Highlight|This page is out of date.}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Example ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Highlight|This page is out of date.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{#invoke:DebianBox|makeBox|type=Highlight|text={{{1}}} }}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Template:DebianVersion&amp;diff=1611</id>
		<title>Template:DebianVersion</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Template:DebianVersion&amp;diff=1611"/>
		<updated>2026-09-14T22:25:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt;{{DebianInfo|Version|{{{Suite|{{{1|}}}}}}}}&amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;templatedata&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;description&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;The latest point version of the specified release&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;params&amp;quot;: {&lt;br /&gt;
        &amp;quot;Suite&amp;quot;: {&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;type&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;line&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;required&amp;quot;: true,&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;description&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Version of Debian&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;aliases&amp;quot;: [&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;],&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;suggestedvalues&amp;quot;: [&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;oldoldstable&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;oldstable&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;stable&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;testing&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;unstable&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;experimental&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
            ]&lt;br /&gt;
        }&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/templatedata&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Template:DebianInfo&amp;diff=1609</id>
		<title>Template:DebianInfo</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Template:DebianInfo&amp;diff=1609"/>
		<updated>2026-09-14T22:25:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt;{{#switch: {{{Suite|{{{2|}}}}}} {{{Info|{{{1|}}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
| oldoldstable Codename      = bullseye&lt;br /&gt;
| oldoldstable CodenameLink  = DebianBullseye&lt;br /&gt;
| oldoldstable Date          = 2024-08-31&lt;br /&gt;
| oldoldstable Version       = 11.11&lt;br /&gt;
|    oldstable Codename      = bookworm&lt;br /&gt;
|    oldstable CodenameLink  = DebianBookworm&lt;br /&gt;
|    oldstable Date          = 2026-07-11&lt;br /&gt;
|    oldstable Version       = 12.15&lt;br /&gt;
|       stable Codename      = trixie&lt;br /&gt;
|       stable CodenameLink  = DebianTrixie&lt;br /&gt;
|       stable Date          = 2026-07-11&lt;br /&gt;
|       stable Version       = 13.6&lt;br /&gt;
|      testing Codename      = forky&lt;br /&gt;
|      testing CodenameLink  = DebianForky&lt;br /&gt;
|      testing Date          = 2025-08-30&lt;br /&gt;
|      testing Version       =&lt;br /&gt;
|     unstable Codename      = sid&lt;br /&gt;
|     unstable CodenameLink  = DebianSid&lt;br /&gt;
|     unstable Date          = 2025-08-30&lt;br /&gt;
|     unstable Version       =&lt;br /&gt;
| experimental Codename      = rc-buggy&lt;br /&gt;
| experimental CodenameLink  = DebianRc-Buggy&lt;br /&gt;
| experimental Date          = 2025-08-30&lt;br /&gt;
| experimental Version       =&lt;br /&gt;
| {{#switch: {{{Info|{{{1|}}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
  | Codename&lt;br /&gt;
  | CodenameLink&lt;br /&gt;
  | Date&lt;br /&gt;
  | Version =&lt;br /&gt;
  | [[Category:ReviewRequired/InvalidDebianInfo]](unknown info type &amp;quot;{{{Info|{{{1|}}}}}}&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  }}&lt;br /&gt;
  {{#switch: {{{Suite|{{{2|}}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
  | oldoldstable&lt;br /&gt;
  | oldstable&lt;br /&gt;
  | stable&lt;br /&gt;
  | testing&lt;br /&gt;
  | unstable&lt;br /&gt;
  | experimental =&lt;br /&gt;
  | [[Category:ReviewRequired/InvalidDebianSuite]](unknown suite &amp;quot;{{{Suite|{{{2|}}}}}}&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  }}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;templatedata&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;description&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Information about a Debian release, usually called via e.g. {{DebianCodename}}&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;params&amp;quot;: {&lt;br /&gt;
        &amp;quot;Info&amp;quot;: {&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;type&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;line&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;required&amp;quot;: true,&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;description&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Type of information&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;aliases&amp;quot;: [&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;],&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;suggestedvalues&amp;quot;: [&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;Codename&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;CodenameLink&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;Date&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;Version&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
            ]&lt;br /&gt;
        },&lt;br /&gt;
        &amp;quot;Suite&amp;quot;: {&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;type&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;line&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;required&amp;quot;: true,&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;description&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Version of Debian&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;aliases&amp;quot;: [&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;],&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;suggestedvalues&amp;quot;: [&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;oldoldstable&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;oldstable&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;stable&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;testing&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;unstable&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;experimental&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
            ]&lt;br /&gt;
        }&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/templatedata&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Template:DebianDate&amp;diff=1607</id>
		<title>Template:DebianDate</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Template:DebianDate&amp;diff=1607"/>
		<updated>2026-09-14T22:25:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt;{{DebianInfo|Date|{{{Suite|{{{1|}}}}}}}}&amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;templatedata&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;description&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Release date for the latest point version of the specified release&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;params&amp;quot;: {&lt;br /&gt;
        &amp;quot;Suite&amp;quot;: {&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;type&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;line&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;required&amp;quot;: true,&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;description&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Version of Debian&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;aliases&amp;quot;: [&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;],&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;suggestedvalues&amp;quot;: [&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;oldoldstable&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;oldstable&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;stable&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;testing&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;unstable&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;experimental&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
            ]&lt;br /&gt;
        }&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/templatedata&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Template:DebianCodename&amp;diff=1605</id>
		<title>Template:DebianCodename</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Template:DebianCodename&amp;diff=1605"/>
		<updated>2026-09-14T22:25:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt;{{DebianInfo|Codename|{{{Suite|{{{1|}}}}}}}}&amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;templatedata&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;description&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Codename of a given Debian release&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;params&amp;quot;: {&lt;br /&gt;
        &amp;quot;Suite&amp;quot;: {&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;type&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;line&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;required&amp;quot;: true,&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;description&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Version of Debian&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;aliases&amp;quot;: [&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;],&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;suggestedvalues&amp;quot;: [&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;oldoldstable&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;oldstable&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;stable&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;testing&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;unstable&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;experimental&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
            ]&lt;br /&gt;
        }&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/templatedata&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Template:DebianCodenameLink&amp;diff=1603</id>
		<title>Template:DebianCodenameLink</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Template:DebianCodenameLink&amp;diff=1603"/>
		<updated>2026-09-14T22:25:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt;[[{{DebianInfo|CodenameLink|{{{Suite|{{{1|}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{text|{{{2|}}}}}}|{{!}}{{{text|{{{2|}}}}}}}}]]&amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;templatedata&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;description&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Link to the page associated with the codename of a given Debian release&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;params&amp;quot;: {&lt;br /&gt;
        &amp;quot;Suite&amp;quot;: {&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;type&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;line&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;required&amp;quot;: true,&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;description&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Version of Debian&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;aliases&amp;quot;: [&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;],&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;suggestedvalues&amp;quot;: [&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;oldoldstable&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;oldstable&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;stable&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;testing&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;unstable&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
                &amp;quot;experimental&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
            ]&lt;br /&gt;
        },&lt;br /&gt;
        &amp;quot;text&amp;quot;: {&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;type&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;line&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;required&amp;quot;: false,&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;description&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Link text&amp;quot;,&lt;br /&gt;
            &amp;quot;aliases&amp;quot;: [&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;]&lt;br /&gt;
        }&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/templatedata&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Template:Box&amp;diff=1601</id>
		<title>Template:Box</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Template:Box&amp;diff=1601"/>
		<updated>2026-09-14T22:25:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A &amp;quot;Box&amp;quot; box is used for emphasis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Usage ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Box|This is simply a box around this text.}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Example ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Box|This is simply a box around this text.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{#invoke:DebianBox|makeBox|type=JustABox|text={{{1}}} }}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Module:DebianBox&amp;diff=1599</id>
		<title>Module:DebianBox</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Module:DebianBox&amp;diff=1599"/>
		<updated>2026-09-14T22:25:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;-- This module generates the html needed to display&lt;br /&gt;
-- various boxes: Warning, Info, Note, Highlight, Tip, and&lt;br /&gt;
-- Box (default)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
local p = {}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
p.makeBox = function( f )&lt;br /&gt;
	local args = f.args&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
	if args.type == &#039;Warning&#039; then&lt;br /&gt;
		return &#039;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;debwiki-box debwiki-box-warning&amp;quot;&amp;gt;⚠️ &#039; .. args.text .. &#039;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
	elseif args.type == &#039;Info&#039; then&lt;br /&gt;
		return &#039;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;debwiki-box debwiki-box-note&amp;quot;&amp;gt;ℹ️ &#039; .. args.text .. &#039;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
	elseif args.type == &#039;Note&#039; then&lt;br /&gt;
		return &#039;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;debwiki-box debwiki-box-note&amp;quot;&amp;gt;💬 ️&#039; .. args.text .. &#039;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
	elseif args.type == &#039;Highlight&#039; then&lt;br /&gt;
		return &#039;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;debwiki-box debwiki-box-highlight&amp;quot;&amp;gt;️&#039; .. args.text .. &#039;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
	elseif args.type == &#039;Tip&#039; then&lt;br /&gt;
		return &#039;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;debwiki-box debwiki-box-tip&amp;quot;&amp;gt;💡 &#039; .. args.text .. &#039;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
	else&lt;br /&gt;
	   return  &#039;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;debwiki-box&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#039; .. args.text .. &#039;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
	end&lt;br /&gt;
end&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
return p&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=ExampleForRevampReviewNeeded&amp;diff=1597</id>
		<title>ExampleForRevampReviewNeeded</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=ExampleForRevampReviewNeeded&amp;diff=1597"/>
		<updated>2026-09-14T22:17:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{PageHeader|RevampReviewNeeded=1}}This page shows how a &amp;lt;kbd&amp;gt;RevampReviewNeeded&amp;lt;/kbd&amp;gt; parameter to a &amp;lt;kbd&amp;gt;PageHeader&amp;lt;/kbd&amp;gt; template might work.  If all pages gained the string &amp;lt;kbd&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{PageHeader|RevampReviewNeeded=1}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/kbd&amp;gt; during the initial conversion, we could have [[Template:PageHeader|the template]] add pages to [[:Category:RevampReviewNeeded|the RevampReviewNeeded category]], then review them at our leisure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:WikiDev]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Test_Page_for_Pywikibot&amp;diff=1594</id>
		<title>Test Page for Pywikibot</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Test_Page_for_Pywikibot&amp;diff=1594"/>
		<updated>2026-09-14T20:10:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: Creating a test page with Pywikibot&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!-- -*- mode: auto-fill; -*- --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Welcome to the Debian Development Wiki =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Getting started ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Debian is converting its wiki to Mediawiki. If you are seeing this&lt;br /&gt;
page it means you have succesfully installed the WikiDev container&lt;br /&gt;
image of MediaWiki, which contains a few completely new pages (like&lt;br /&gt;
the one you are reading now) plus a small number Pages that are&lt;br /&gt;
downloaded from the old wiki, and converted on-the-fly from MoinMoin&lt;br /&gt;
to [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikitext Wikitext] (see the list&lt;br /&gt;
[[Special:AllPages|here]]). From here on, the MoinMoin wiki, still&lt;br /&gt;
alive at https://wiki.debian.org/, will be referred to as &amp;amp;ldquo;the&lt;br /&gt;
old wiki&amp;amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This page introduces what we&#039;re doing and how you can help.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== How the development environment is organized ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the time being, during the process of developing the tools, macros&lt;br /&gt;
and conversions needed for the big conversion from MoinMoin to&lt;br /&gt;
Wikitext, we are using a few software repositories on Salsa to&lt;br /&gt;
maintain the tools.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are three repositories responsible for most of the conversion&lt;br /&gt;
work:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 1. debwiki-dev-pages ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The page you are reading can be found in the&lt;br /&gt;
[https://salsa.debian.org/wiki-team/debwiki-dev-pages &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;debwiki-dev-pages&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
repository on Salsa. It contains pages for the new wiki (this one)&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;that are not in the old wiki&#039;&#039;. It also contains several templates and&lt;br /&gt;
macros which on the&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki MediaWiki] platform is&lt;br /&gt;
saved as &#039;&#039;Pages&#039;&#039;. In fact, everything in Mediawiki is Pages, not only&lt;br /&gt;
user content, but also Templates, Forms and other components used to&lt;br /&gt;
produce the final site. If you&#039;d like to work with editing pages and/or&lt;br /&gt;
creating new content for the new wiki this is where you want to be&lt;br /&gt;
working.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 2. debwiki-dev-converter ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The software components doing the under-the-hood conversion work&lt;br /&gt;
can be found in the&lt;br /&gt;
[https://salsa.debian.org/wiki-team/debwiki-dev-converter &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;debwiki-dev-converter&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
repository. Its main function is to convert Debian&#039;s old MoinMoin wiki&lt;br /&gt;
markup to MediaWiki XML dumps, and will be used when the time comes to&lt;br /&gt;
do the grand conversion. Now, we want to stress test it, find issues&lt;br /&gt;
and see if improvements are needed, and that is one of the purposes of&lt;br /&gt;
this wiki container.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At the moment the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;debwiki-dev-converter&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; also is responsible for&lt;br /&gt;
converting a bunch of sample documents from the old wiki to the new&lt;br /&gt;
one, but this functionality will likely be separated out to its own&lt;br /&gt;
repository in the future (&#039;&#039;&#039;Andrew?&#039;&#039;&#039;), so we can keep the conversion&lt;br /&gt;
tools separate from the pages to convert. This will also make the&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;debwiki-dev-converter&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; software generally usable for other&lt;br /&gt;
projects that want to do the same conversion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you are interested in working on the software that does the&lt;br /&gt;
under-the-hood conversion to Wikitext, you need to work on this&lt;br /&gt;
repository, and be in close contact with the maintainers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 3. moinmoin_onlinereader ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Behind the scenes is the&lt;br /&gt;
[https://salsa.debian.org/AndrewSayers/moinmoin_onlinereader &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;moinmoin_onlinereader&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;],&lt;br /&gt;
this is a software component that does an on-the-fly conversion of the Moin source to a&lt;br /&gt;
[https://pandoc.org/ Pandoc]&lt;br /&gt;
[https://pandoc.org/using-the-pandoc-api.html Abstract Syntax Tree]&lt;br /&gt;
(AST) from the live &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;wiki.debian.org&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; site. The&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;moinmoin_onlinereader&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; library logs in to the wiki and&lt;br /&gt;
asks &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;Pandoc&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; to parse the rendered HTML and render it as&lt;br /&gt;
wikitext. When the online reader logs into the Debian wiki, it is&lt;br /&gt;
using your credentials, that you used to get this container running.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Unless you are interested in this part of the migration process, this&lt;br /&gt;
component is unlikely to be of interest to you.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== How to work on these repositories ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The workflow for working with all of the above git repositories is the&lt;br /&gt;
typical &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;git&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; workflow used in most open source projects, but we&lt;br /&gt;
detail it here in case you need a reminder.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You need an account on [https://salsa.debian.org/ Salsa]. Once logged&lt;br /&gt;
on, you can make a &#039;&#039;fork&#039;&#039; of the repository you want to work on.&lt;br /&gt;
Clone your fork to your computer and switch to a branch, optimally&lt;br /&gt;
named something relevant in relation to the work you want to do.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When done with your work, push the branch back to your repo fork on&lt;br /&gt;
Salsa, and then write and submit a Merge Request (MR). Remember that&lt;br /&gt;
your description must enable the maintainer to quickly review what&lt;br /&gt;
your MR is all about, so be descriptive. Also, remember that &#039;&#039;atomic&lt;br /&gt;
merge requests&#039;&#039; are much better than huge ones, and more likely to be&lt;br /&gt;
accepted quickly and without a lot of back-and-forth with the&lt;br /&gt;
maintainer. Be aware that a MR is like a PR on other platforms like&lt;br /&gt;
Github, but it also adds a merge commit to the repo when it&#039;s accepted.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, please be aware that it can take up to a few days for your&lt;br /&gt;
merge request to get through manual review, so be patient!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Join us on Internet Relay Chat ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you&#039;d like a real-time chat with developers and contributors to the&lt;br /&gt;
new wiki, we have an IRC channel on OFTC named `#debian-wiki`, and try&lt;br /&gt;
to have a presence there. You are encourged to join. Use any IRC&lt;br /&gt;
client of your choice, or click this link: {{DebianIRC|debian-wiki}},&lt;br /&gt;
which will open an IRC client in your browser.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Keeping this development container up-to-date ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To remind you, when you created this development wiki you pulled an image from&lt;br /&gt;
upstream using &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;podman&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, like this:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
podman pull registry.salsa.debian.org/wiki-team/debwiki-dev-container:latest&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At the moment, the content of this wiki is generated by the conversion&lt;br /&gt;
system described above when upstream builds the container from the&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;Dockerfile&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;. The build process quite simply clones the development&lt;br /&gt;
repos onto the image, so when you create the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;podman&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; container these&lt;br /&gt;
are already embedded in the image.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So in order to see updates that have happened, you need to pull a new&lt;br /&gt;
image regularly. Be aware that old images are not deleted by pulling&lt;br /&gt;
new ones, so you still have access to older ones if you so wish, or&lt;br /&gt;
you can remove them using the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;podman&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; utility (or for example&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;cockpit&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; if you are using that).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Just to remind you, this is how the container (i.e. the running&lt;br /&gt;
instance of the image) is created:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
podman run --rm -i \&lt;br /&gt;
    -p 8080:80 \&lt;br /&gt;
    --name=debwiki-dev-environment \&lt;br /&gt;
    debwiki-dev-environment:latest \&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;your-MOINMOIN_SESSION_443_ROOT-value&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A detailed description is available in the&lt;br /&gt;
[https://salsa.debian.org/wiki-team/debwiki-dev-environment/-/blob/main/README.md|README]&lt;br /&gt;
file of the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;debwiki-dev-environment&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; repo. But then again you&lt;br /&gt;
probably know all about that since you got here.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Now the wiki can be viewed on http://localhost:8080/, like you are&lt;br /&gt;
doing right now.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Links ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These pages are from the old wiki imported to this container image,&lt;br /&gt;
and perhaps of interest to the development work, especially focusing&lt;br /&gt;
on translating files from MoinMoin system to Mediawiki.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* The Original Introduction to the [[DebianWiki/WikiRevamp|WikiRewamp Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Other [[DebianWiki/WikiRevamp/OtherConversations|Conversations]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Log of the [[DebianWiki/WikiRevamp/MassEditLog|MassEdit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianWiki/WikiRevamp/Recommendations|Recommendations]]&lt;br /&gt;
* A [[DebianWiki/WikiRevamp/TestPage|Testpage]] with a variety of Wikitext code.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Test_Page_for_Pywikibot&amp;diff=1593</id>
		<title>Test Page for Pywikibot</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Test_Page_for_Pywikibot&amp;diff=1593"/>
		<updated>2026-09-14T19:08:32Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: Creating a test page with Pywikibot&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Test Section ==&lt;br /&gt;
This is a test page created using Pywikibot.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* About this wiki&lt;br /&gt;
This [https://www.mediawiki.org MediaWiki] install is intended to eventually replace the current MoinMoin-based wiki running on [https://wiki.debian.org/ wiki.debian.org] as a support and documentation resource for the [https://www.debian.org Debian project]. &#039;&#039;This has not yet happened&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* About this project&lt;br /&gt;
The project is in very early stages. You can get involved! Discussion happens on the [https://lists.debian.org/debian-wiki/ debian-wiki mailing list] and the {{DebianIRC|debian-wiki}} channel on the OFTC IRC network. The current state and summary should be recorded on the live wiki&#039;s [https://wiki.debian.org/DebianWiki/WikiRevamp WikiRevamp page].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For examples of ideas we&#039;re working on, click on the category &amp;quot;WikiDev&amp;quot; below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:WikiDev]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Test_Page_for_Pywikibot&amp;diff=1592</id>
		<title>Test Page for Pywikibot</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Test_Page_for_Pywikibot&amp;diff=1592"/>
		<updated>2026-09-14T19:05:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Test Section ==&lt;br /&gt;
This is a test page created using Pywikibot.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* About this wiki&lt;br /&gt;
This [https://www.mediawiki.org MediaWiki] install is intended to&lt;br /&gt;
eventually replace the current MoinMoin-based wiki running on&lt;br /&gt;
[https://wiki.debian.org/ wiki.debian.org] as a support and&lt;br /&gt;
documentation resource for the [https://www.debian.org Debian project]. &#039;&#039;This has not yet happened&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* About this project&lt;br /&gt;
The project is in very early stages. You can get involved! Discussion&lt;br /&gt;
happens on the [https://lists.debian.orgdebian-wiki/ debian-wiki mailing list] and the {{DebianIRC|debian-wiki}} channel on the OFTC&lt;br /&gt;
IRC network. The current state and summary should be recorded on the&lt;br /&gt;
live wiki&#039;s [https://wiki.debian.org/DebianWiki/WikiRevamp WikiRevamp page].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For examples of ideas we&#039;re working on, see [[Category:WikiDev]].&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Test_Page_for_Pywikibot&amp;diff=1591</id>
		<title>Test Page for Pywikibot</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Test_Page_for_Pywikibot&amp;diff=1591"/>
		<updated>2026-09-14T19:02:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: Creating a test page with Pywikibot&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Test Section ==&lt;br /&gt;
This is a test page created using Pywikibot.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* About this wiki&lt;br /&gt;
This [https://www.mediawiki.org MediaWiki] install is intended to&lt;br /&gt;
eventually replace the current MoinMoin-based wiki running on&lt;br /&gt;
[https://wiki.debian.org/ wiki.debian.org] as a support and&lt;br /&gt;
documentation resource for the [https://www.debian.org Debian&lt;br /&gt;
project]. &#039;&#039;This has not yet happened&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* About this project&lt;br /&gt;
The project is in very early stages. You can get involved! Discussion&lt;br /&gt;
happens on the [https://lists.debian.org/debian-wiki/ debian-wiki&lt;br /&gt;
mailing list] and the {{DebianIRC|debian-wiki}} channel on the OFTC&lt;br /&gt;
IRC network. The current state and summary should be recorded on the&lt;br /&gt;
live wiki&#039;s [https://wiki.debian.org/DebianWiki/WikiRevamp WikiRevamp&lt;br /&gt;
page].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For examples of ideas we&#039;re working on, see [[Category:WikiDev]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:WikiDev]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Test_Page_for_Pywikibot&amp;diff=1590</id>
		<title>Test Page for Pywikibot</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Test_Page_for_Pywikibot&amp;diff=1590"/>
		<updated>2026-09-14T18:46:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: Creating a test page with Pywikibot&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Test Section ==&lt;br /&gt;
This is a test page created using Pywikibot.&lt;br /&gt;
* Item 1&lt;br /&gt;
* Item 2&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=XFCE2&amp;diff=1589</id>
		<title>XFCE2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=XFCE2&amp;diff=1589"/>
		<updated>2026-09-09T10:48:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: 1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;# language en&lt;br /&gt;
## For Translators - to have a constantly up to date translation header in you page, you can just add a line like the following (with the comment&#039;s character at the start of the line removed)&lt;br /&gt;
## &amp;amp;lt;&amp;amp;lt;Include(Xfce, ,from=&amp;amp;quot;^##TAG:TRANSLATION-HEADER-START&amp;amp;quot;,to=&amp;amp;quot;^##TAG:TRANSLATION-HEADER-END&amp;amp;quot;)&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
## TAG:TRANSLATION-HEADER-START -[[DebianWiki/EditorGuide#translation|Translation(s)]]: [[Xfce|English]] - [[es/Xfce|Español]] - [[fr/Xfce|Français]] - [[he/Xfce|עברית]] - [[it/Xfce|Italiano]] - [[ko/Xfce|한국어]] - [[pt_BR/Xfce|Português (Brasil)]] - [[ru/Xfce|Русский]] - [[sv/Xfce|Svenska]] - [[uk/Xfce|Українська]] - [[zh_CN/Xfce|简体中文]]-&lt;br /&gt;
##TAG:TRANSLATION-HEADER-END&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Xfce_logo.svg|Xfce Logo (GPLv2)|width=200]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[WikiPedia:Xfce|Xfce]]&#039;&#039;&#039; is a lightweight [[DesktopEnvironment|desktop environment]] for Unix-like operating systems. It aims to be fast and lightweight, while still being visually appealing and easy to use.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Xfce consists of a number of components that together provide the full functionality of a desktop environment. They are packaged separately and you can pick and choose from the available packages to create the best personal working environment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of Xfce&#039;s priorities is adherence to standards, specifically those defined at freedesktop.org. This allows Xfce to seamlessly interoperate with programs written for other desktop environments, if those programs follow the specified standards.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Xfce is based on [[GTK]] 3 in 4.14 and newer. Xfce 4.12 and earlier (as found in [[DebianBuster|Debian 10]] and earlier) are based on GTK 2.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;lt;&amp;amp;lt;TableOfContents(3)&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Installation ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Install a new Debian system with Xfce ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During [[DebianInstaller|Debian installation]], select `Xfce desktop environment` at the [https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/i386/ch06s03#pkgsel Selecting and Installing Software] installation step.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alternatively, at the [[DebianInstaller|Debian Installer]] boot prompt, press the `Tab` key to edit the command line, then add `desktop=xfce`.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For a complete rundown refer to the [[DebianDesktopHowTo|Debian Desktop Howto]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Run Debian Live with Xfce ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A [[DebianLive|Debian live system]] with Xfce is available at https://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current-live/amd64/iso-hybrid/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Install Xfce in an already installed system ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can install Xfce as the only desktop environment on your computer, or alongside another desktop environment. Your [[DisplayManager|display manager]] should allow you to select the appropriate desktop before logging in.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To install the full Xfce desktop environment and utilities, [[PackageManagement#Installing.2C_removing.2C_upgrading_software|install]] the [[DebianPkg:xfce4]] package.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
DebianPkg:xfce4-goodies is a metapackage that will install many useful plugins and applications related to Xfce. It&#039;s a suggested package for standard users that want a complete Xfce desktop experience, however you may have a more &amp;amp;quot;minimal&amp;amp;quot; installation by only installing the specific packages that you want from the list below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can [[Software#Finding_Software|search]] for packages using the `xfce4` search term. The &amp;amp;quot;main&amp;amp;quot; Xfce packages are:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:thunar]] - File Manager for Xfce&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfdesktop4]] - xfce desktop background, icons and root menu manager&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfwm4]] - window manager of the Xfce project&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfce4-panel]] - panel for Xfce4 desktop environment&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfce4-settings]] - graphical application for managing Xfce settings&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfce4-power-manager]] - power manager for Xfce desktop&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfce4-session]] - Xfce4 Session Manager&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfconf]] - utilities for managing settings in Xfce&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfce4-notifyd]] - simple, visually-appealing notification daemon for Xfce&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Xfce also provides utilities that are frequently used on a personal computer:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:mousepad]] - simple Xfce oriented text editor&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:ristretto]] - lightweight picture-viewer for the Xfce desktop environment&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfce4-taskmanager]] - process manager for the Xfce4 Desktop Environment&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfce4-screenshooter]] - screenshots utility for Xfce&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfce4-terminal]] - Xfce terminal emulator&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfce4-notes]] - Notes application for the Xfce4 desktop&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfce4-appfinder]] - Application finder for the Xfce4 Desktop Environment&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfce4-clipman]] - clipboard history utility&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfwm4-themes]] - Theme files for xfwm4&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfburn]] - CD-burner application for Xfce Desktop Environment&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:orage]] - Calendar for Xfce Desktop Environment&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Xfce panel provides a window list, application launchers/menus, a clock, and can be extended using many plugins/applets:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfce4-whiskermenu-plugin]] - Alternate menu plugin for the Xfce desktop environment&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfce4-indicator-plugin]] - plugin to display information from applications in the Xfce4 panel&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfce4-pulseaudio-plugin]] - Xfce4 panel plugin to control pulseaudio&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfce4-battery-plugin]] - battery monitor plugin for the Xfce4 panel&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfce4-power-manager-plugins]] - power manager plugins for Xfce panel&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfce4-clipman-plugin]] - clipboard history plugin for Xfce panel&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DebianPkg:xfce4-datetime-plugin]] - date and time plugin for the Xfce4 panel&lt;br /&gt;
* And many more: [[DebianPkg:xfce4-genmon-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-linelight-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-mailwatch-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-messenger-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-mount-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-mpc-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-netload-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-notes-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-places-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-quicklauncher-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-radio-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-screenshooter-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-sensors-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-smartbookmark-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-systemload-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-timer-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-verve-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-wavelan-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-weather-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-wmdock-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-xkb-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-cpufreq-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-cpugraph-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-dict]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-diskperf-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-equake-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-fsguard-plugin]], [[DebianPkg:xfce4-hdaps]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Run Xfce ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== From a display manager ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Select Xfce from your [[DisplayManager|display manager]] (desktop login screen).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most display managers will detect Xfce automatically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the [[DebianPkg:slim]] display manager, edit `/etc/slim.conf` and set `login_cmd exec ck-launch-session /bin/bash -login /etc/X11/Xsession %session`&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== From the console ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Xfce can be started from the console simply by running the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;startxfce4&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; command. &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;startxfce4&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; is a script that sets the required environment variables and calls Xinit to start the X server with the Xfce session.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Troubleshooting ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Preventing screen-tearing ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the &#039;&#039;Window Manager Tweaks&#039;&#039; section of your settings application, under the &#039;&#039;Compositor&#039;&#039; tab, uncheck the &#039;&#039;Enable display compositing&#039;&#039; box. This will disable some graphical effects but also can help reduce screen-tearing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since Xfce 4.14, V-Sync can also be enabled through the use of commands. You might try running:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p /general/vblank_mode -s MODE&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
where &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;MODE&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; can be either &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;vblank&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;glx&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, or &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;xpresent&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;. You may experiment with different options to see which is the most effective at reducing screen-tearing for you.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Advanced users may look into replacing the default Xfwm4 window manager and compositor with DebianPkg:compton instead, which has been noted by some users to also reduce or eliminate screen-tearing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Resetting to defaults ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Try running:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;mv ~/.config/xfce4-session/ ~/.config/xfce4-session-bak&lt;br /&gt;
mv ~/.config/xfce4/ ~/.config/xfce4-bak&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
These two commands will rename your configuration directories, forcing Xfce to regenerate them when you next start it. If you want to restore your old configuration, you may remove the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;-bak&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; that&#039;s been appended to the old directories.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Suspend and backlight issues ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As of 05/15/2020, there are 2 rules files missing from `/etc/polkit-1/` that are required to make xfce4-power-manager work properly ([https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=773743 bug 773743]): * One is for the backlight permission (`authentication is required to modify laptop display brightness`) * The other is for suspend permission (`authentication is required to suspend the system`)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In order to get suspend issue corrected perform the following:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;# create the necessary directory&lt;br /&gt;
$ sudo mkdir /etc/polkit-1/rules.d&lt;br /&gt;
$ sudo chmod 755 /etc/polkit-1/rules.d&lt;br /&gt;
# create the new configuration file, with the following content&lt;br /&gt;
$ sudo nano /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/85-suspend.rules&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) {&lt;br /&gt;
    if (action.id == &amp;amp;quot;org.freedesktop.login1.suspend&amp;amp;quot; &amp;amp;amp;&amp;amp;amp;&lt;br /&gt;
        subject.isInGroup(&amp;amp;quot;users&amp;amp;quot;)) {&lt;br /&gt;
        return polkit.Result.YES;&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
});&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;# fix permissions on the configuration file&lt;br /&gt;
$ sudo chmod 644 /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/85-suspend.rules&lt;br /&gt;
# create the directory /usr/local/share/polkit-1/actions&lt;br /&gt;
$ sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/share/polkit-1/actions&lt;br /&gt;
# copy /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.login1.policy to this new folder&lt;br /&gt;
$ sudo cp /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.login1.policy /usr/local/share/polkit-1/actions&lt;br /&gt;
# change the &amp;amp;quot;suspend&amp;amp;quot; rules to &amp;amp;lt;allow_any&amp;amp;gt;yes&amp;amp;lt;/allow_any&amp;amp;gt; in this newly copied file&lt;br /&gt;
$ sudo nano /usr/local/share/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.login1.policy&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The above procedure can also be used to fix hibernation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;$ sudo nano /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/85-suspend.rules&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Append this rule to the file&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) {&lt;br /&gt;
    if (action.id == &amp;amp;quot;org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate&amp;amp;quot; &amp;amp;amp;&amp;amp;amp;&lt;br /&gt;
        subject.isInGroup(&amp;amp;quot;users&amp;amp;quot;)) {&lt;br /&gt;
        return polkit.Result.YES;&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
});&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;# change the &amp;amp;quot;hibernate&amp;amp;quot; rules to &amp;amp;lt;allow_any&amp;amp;gt;yes&amp;amp;lt;/allow_any&amp;amp;gt; in this file as above&lt;br /&gt;
$ sudo nano /usr/local/share/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.login1.policy&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The process is similar to fix the backlight modification authentication errors:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;# create the necessary directory&lt;br /&gt;
$ sudo mkdir /etc/polkit-1/rules.d&lt;br /&gt;
# fix permissions on the directory&lt;br /&gt;
$ sudo chmod 755 /etc/polkit-1/rules.d&lt;br /&gt;
# create the configuration file with the following content&lt;br /&gt;
$ sudo nano /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/89-backlight.rules&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) {&lt;br /&gt;
    if (action.id == &amp;amp;quot;org.xfce.power.backlight-helper&amp;amp;quot; &amp;amp;amp;&amp;amp;amp;&lt;br /&gt;
        subject.isInGroup(&amp;amp;quot;users&amp;amp;quot;)) {&lt;br /&gt;
        return polkit.Result.YES;&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
});&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;# fix permissions on the configuration file&lt;br /&gt;
$ sudo chmod 644 /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/89-backlight.rules&lt;br /&gt;
# in the following file change the &amp;amp;quot;backlight&amp;amp;quot; rules to &amp;amp;lt;allow_any&amp;amp;gt;yes&amp;amp;lt;/allow_any&amp;amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
$ sudo nano /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.login1.policy&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This will prevent authentication errors/credentials dialogs from appearing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Wayland not work? ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Xfce supports both [[DebianPkg:labwc]] and [[DebianPkg:wayfire]], as it is required for the Wayland compositor. However, only labwc works out of the box; wayfire requires additional tweaks to the session file to make it work. For this purpose, I decided to focus this section on getting Xfce working with labwc on Debian, as it requires the least amount of effort to get Xfce working on Wayland.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After installing labwc on Debian, you should be able to switch to the Xfce Session (Wayland) option in your Desktop Manager of choice and log in normally.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Remembering that it was added in version 4.20 with experimental support according to the [[DebianPkg:xfce4]] [https://xfce.org/about/tour website].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Screenshots ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [attachment:xfce4_emerald.png Xfce4 Desktop with Debian 12 Emerald Theme]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External Links ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[https://www.xfce.org Xfce Desktop Environment - Official website]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[https://docs.xfce.org/ Xfce documentation]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[WikiPedia:Xfce|Xfce - Wikipedia]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xfce Xfce - ArchWiki]&lt;br /&gt;
* [ircs://irc.libera.chat/xfce #xfce] - [[IRC]] channel&lt;br /&gt;
* Bugs: [[DebianBug:xfce4|Debian BTS]], [https://bugzilla.xfce.org/ Xfce bugzilla]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Teams/DebianXfceGroup]] - The Debian Xfce packaging team&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
CategoryDesktopEnvironment | CategorySoftware&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=DebianSocialContract&amp;diff=1587</id>
		<title>DebianSocialContract</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=DebianSocialContract&amp;diff=1587"/>
		<updated>2026-09-09T08:16:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!-- -*- mode: visual-line -*- --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Social]] [[Category:DFSG]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Debian Social Contract =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Version 1.2 ratified on October 1st, 2022.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Supersedes [https://www.debian.org/social_contract.1.1 Version 1.1] ratified on April 26th, 2004, and [https://www.debian.org/social_contract.1.0 Version 1.0] ratified on July 5, 1997.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Debian, the producers of the Debian system, have created the Debian Social Contract. The [[DFSG|Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG)]] part of the contract, initially designed as a set of commitments that we agree to abide by, has been adopted by the free software community as the basis of the [https://opensource.org/docs/osd Open Source Definition].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= &amp;quot;Social Contract&amp;quot; with the Free Software Community =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1. Debian will remain 100% free ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We provide the guidelines that we use to determine if a work is &amp;quot;free&amp;quot; in the document entitled &#039;&#039;&amp;quot;The Debian Free Software Guidelines&amp;quot;&#039;&#039;. We promise that the Debian system and all its components will be free according to these guidelines. We will support people who create or use both free and non-free works on Debian. We will never make the system require the use of a non-free component.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2. We will give back to the free software community ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When we write new components of the Debian system, we will license them in a manner consistent with the Debian Free Software Guidelines. We will make the best system we can, so that free works will be widely distributed and used. We will communicate things such as bug fixes, improvements and user requests to the &#039;&#039;&amp;quot;upstream&amp;quot;&#039;&#039; authors of works included in our system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 3. We will not hide problems ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We will keep our entire bug report database open for public view at all times. Reports that people file online will promptly become visible to others.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 4. Our priorities are our users and free software ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We will be guided by the needs of our users and the free software community. We will place their interests first in our priorities. We will support the needs of our users for operation in many different kinds of computing environments. We will not object to non-free works that are intended to be used on Debian systems, or attempt to charge a fee to people who create or use such works. We will allow others to create distributions containing both the Debian system and other works, without any fee from us. In furtherance of these goals, we will provide an integrated system of high-quality materials with no legal restrictions that would prevent such uses of the system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 5. Works that do not meet our free software standards ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We acknowledge that some of our users require the use of works that do not conform to the Debian Free Software Guidelines. We have created &#039;&#039;&amp;quot;contrib&amp;quot;&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;&amp;quot;non-free&amp;quot;&#039;&#039; areas in our archive for these works. The packages in these areas are not part of the Debian system, although they have been configured for use with Debian. We encourage CD manufacturers to read the licenses of the packages in these areas and determine if they can distribute the packages on their CDs. Thus, although non-free works are not a part of Debian, we support their use and provide infrastructure for non-free packages (such as our bug tracking system and mailing lists). The Debian official media may include firmware that is otherwise not part of the Debian system to enable use of Debian with hardware that requires such firmware.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{:DFSG}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Category:Social&amp;diff=1586</id>
		<title>Category:Social</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Category:Social&amp;diff=1586"/>
		<updated>2026-09-09T08:13:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: Creating Category Social for Debian Social Contract etc.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This category collects pages that concerns Debian Social Contract, Code of Conduct, etc.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=DebianSocialContract&amp;diff=1585</id>
		<title>DebianSocialContract</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=DebianSocialContract&amp;diff=1585"/>
		<updated>2026-09-09T08:11:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!-- -*- mode: visual-line -*- --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Social]] [[Category:DFSG]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Version 1.2 ratified on October 1st, 2022.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Supersedes [https://www.debian.org/social_contract.1.1 Version 1.1] ratified on April 26th, 2004, and [https://www.debian.org/social_contract.1.0 Version 1.0] ratified on July 5, 1997.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Debian, the producers of the Debian system, have created the Debian Social Contract. The [[DFSG|Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG)]] part of the contract, initially designed as a set of commitments that we agree to abide by, has been adopted by the free software community as the basis of the [https://opensource.org/docs/osd Open Source Definition].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= &amp;quot;Social Contract&amp;quot; with the Free Software Community =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1. Debian will remain 100% free ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We provide the guidelines that we use to determine if a work is &amp;quot;free&amp;quot; in the document entitled &#039;&#039;&amp;quot;The Debian Free Software Guidelines&amp;quot;&#039;&#039;. We promise that the Debian system and all its components will be free according to these guidelines. We will support people who create or use both free and non-free works on Debian. We will never make the system require the use of a non-free component.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2. We will give back to the free software community ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When we write new components of the Debian system, we will license them in a manner consistent with the Debian Free Software Guidelines. We will make the best system we can, so that free works will be widely distributed and used. We will communicate things such as bug fixes, improvements and user requests to the &#039;&#039;&amp;quot;upstream&amp;quot;&#039;&#039; authors of works included in our system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 3. We will not hide problems ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We will keep our entire bug report database open for public view at all times. Reports that people file online will promptly become visible to others.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 4. Our priorities are our users and free software ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We will be guided by the needs of our users and the free software community. We will place their interests first in our priorities. We will support the needs of our users for operation in many different kinds of computing environments. We will not object to non-free works that are intended to be used on Debian systems, or attempt to charge a fee to people who create or use such works. We will allow others to create distributions containing both the Debian system and other works, without any fee from us. In furtherance of these goals, we will provide an integrated system of high-quality materials with no legal restrictions that would prevent such uses of the system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 5. Works that do not meet our free software standards ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We acknowledge that some of our users require the use of works that do not conform to the Debian Free Software Guidelines. We have created &#039;&#039;&amp;quot;contrib&amp;quot;&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;&amp;quot;non-free&amp;quot;&#039;&#039; areas in our archive for these works. The packages in these areas are not part of the Debian system, although they have been configured for use with Debian. We encourage CD manufacturers to read the licenses of the packages in these areas and determine if they can distribute the packages on their CDs. Thus, although non-free works are not a part of Debian, we support their use and provide infrastructure for non-free packages (such as our bug tracking system and mailing lists). The Debian official media may include firmware that is otherwise not part of the Debian system to enable use of Debian with hardware that requires such firmware.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{:DFSG}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Category:DFSG&amp;diff=1584</id>
		<title>Category:DFSG</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki2025.debian.org/index.php?title=Category:DFSG&amp;diff=1584"/>
		<updated>2026-09-09T08:11:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mok0: Create DFSG category page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This category contains articles concerning Debian Free Software Guidelines and free software in general.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mok0</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>